DOCUMENTATION

Miren M. Morales

Why document?
Section 4.13 of the Student Handbook: Guidelines on Academic Honesty, Preparations of Papers and Other Works: Plagiarism

 All works submitted such as homework, assignments, papers, examinations and the like are expected to be the student's own work. Students should always take great care to distinguish their own ideas and knowledge from information derived from sources.

 Whenever ideas or facts are derived from a student's reading or research, the sources must be indicated.
A student who reiterates or draws on ideas or facts used in another paper must cite that other paper as a source in their own paper.

Standard Documentation Format

Chicago (footnote style) MLA (author-page style)
Humanities

APA (author-date style)

Social Sciences

IEEE (number-note style)

Computer Science and Engineering

American Psychological Association (APA 6)

uses only initials for authors' given names does not use quotation marks or angle brackets uses minimal capitalization for titles of books and articles italicizes volume numbers as well as journal titles gives page numbers only for actual quotations

In-text Citation
A group of statisticians, for instance, has re-analysed published data and argued that the compound words claimed as inventions of one chimpanzee are only the results of repeated random juxtapositions (Tannenbaum, Leung, Sudha, & White, 1996). Even more damagingly, Pinker (1994) summarizes the skepticism of various original researchers and observers about whether the signs produced in the Washoe project were really American Sign Language. His conclusion is that chimpanzees' abilities at "anything one would want to call language" (p. 339) are almost nil. Experiments being conducted by Zelasko (2006) have so far failed to confirm the results originally claimed for chimpanzee learning of compound words.

Reference
Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct: How the mind creates language. New York: Morrow. Tannenbaum, R. V., Leung, K., Sudha, J. R., & White, M. A. (1996). A re-examination of the record: Pitty Sing's creation of compound words. Journal of Biostatistics, 9, 368-396. Zelasko, J. (2006). Learning and teaching words: Guided language acquisition among chimpanzees. American Psychologist, 57,750765. Retrieved September 20, 2009, from http://www.apa.org/journals/ap57/zelasko.html.

BOOK: single author

Smith (2056) indicated that ... A recent study (Smith, 2056) showed that ... In a recent study, Smith (2056) showed that ... Smith also found that ... (When the author is referred to more than once in
the same paragraph do not include the date in subsequent references, as long as the work cannot

be confused with others cited.)

BOOK: single author

Smith, A. R. (2056). Teaching and learning in higher education. Auckland, New Zealand: University Books. initials of given and middle names Year of publication in parenthesis Title is italicized Only first word if capitalized (also proper nouns and words after punctuation) Place of publication should be city (countryoptional)

BOOKS: two authors

Smith and Brown (2056) indicated that A recent study (Smith & Brown, 2056) showed that ... In a recent study, Smith and Brown (2056) showed that ... Smith and Brown also found that ...

Reference:
Smith, A., & Brown, B. (2056). Sustainability in practice: Overcoming energy challenges in the 21st century. Vancouver, Canada: Northwoods Press.

BOOK: 3-5 authors

First citation Smith, Brown, and Chan (2056) found at ... subsequent citations Smith et al. (2056) found that ... A recent study (Smith et al., 2056) found that ...

Reference:
Smith, A., Brown, B., & Chan, C. (2056). New formations in international business. Chicago,IL: Hoffman.

Book: six or more authors

Smith et al. (2056) found that ... A recent study (Smith et al., 2056) found that ... (When the work has six or more authors, cite only the name of the first author followed by et al. and the date, both the first time the work is cited and in subsequent citations.)

Reference:
Smith, A., Brown, B., Chan, C., Williams, D., Tahatai, M., & Singh, R. (2056). The decline and fall of the modern generation. Sydney, Australia: New Media Press. Smith, A., Brown, B., Chan, C., Williams, D., Tahatai, M., Jones, A., . . . Singh, R. (2056). The decline and fall of the modern generation. Sydney, Australia: New Media Press.

BOOK: editor as author

Dita, S. N. (Ed.). (2100). Issues in applied linguistics and language teaching in the Philippines: A decade in retrospect. Manila, The Philippines: De La Salle University Press.

Book: multiple chapter

Borlongan (2009) indicated that Borlongan, A. M. (2009). Tag questions in Philippine English. In S. N. Dita (Ed.), Issues in applied linguistics and language teaching in the Philippines: A decade in retrospect (pp. 123-147). Manila, Philippines: De La Salle University Press.

Chapter in a Handbook
Mahboob, A. (2004). Pakistani English: An overview of its syntax, morphology, and lexis. In B. Kortmann and E. Traugott (Eds.). A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 2 (pp. 1045 1057). Munich: Mouton de Gruyter.

Book, multiple books by same author

Smith, A. (2050). Exploring nanoscale science. San Francisco, CA: Beck. Smith, A. (2056). Amid fifty thousand flaming devils. Baghdad, Iraq: Etoile Press. Smith, A. & Brown, B. W. (2056a) ... Smith, A. & Brown, B. W. (2056b) ... Smith, A. & Chan, C. (2056) ...

Book, similar information from multiple works Love. . . women (Brown, 2056; Jones, 2045; Smith, 2022). Love . . . men (Smith & Brown, 2050, 2056). Love. . . gays (Smith & Brown, 2056a, 2056b).

Book, one source quoted in another

In-text citation Borlongan (2009, as cited in Dita, 2010) argues that. . . Reference
Dita, S. N. (2010). Disjuncts in Philippine English: A corpus-based description. In M.L.S. Bautista (Ed.), Studies in Philippine English (pp. 200-227). Manila, The Philippines: De La Salle University Press.

eBook
Jones, G. (2036). Coffee: Memoirs of an addict. Retrieved from netLibrary database. Brown, R. (2032). The death of CDs: impact of the MP3 player. doi:12.1036/0071393756.

Journal article
Dita, S. N. (2009). Physical and topical structure analysis of professional writing in inner, outer, and expanding circles of English. TESOL Journal,1, 95118. Dita, S. N. (2009). The metalinguistic awareness of Filipino bilingual children. Philippine ESL Journal, 3, 1-37.

Same year, multiple works

Dita, S. N. (2009a). Physical and topical structure analysis of professional writing in inner, outer, and expanding circles of English. TESOL Journal 1, 95118. Dita, S. N. (2009b). The metalinguistic awareness of Filipino bilingual children. Philippine ESL Journal, 3, 1-37.

Journal article, one author

Author. (Year of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume(issue), page numbers. doi:DOI number (if assigned) Smith, A. (2056). High speed compression for music downloads. Journal of Internet Engineering, 10(2), 154-165. doi:12:3456789012

Magazine article
Smith, A., & Brown, B. (2056, December 15). Chocolate milk could be key to longevity. New Research International, 45(5), 6-7.

Newspaper article, no author

In-text citation "Professor to talk rubbish" (2056) reveals ... Reference Professor to talk rubbish at next Senate meeting. (2056, December 15). Herald Tribune, p. A5.

Newspaper article, one author

Smith, A. (2056, December 15). Something went wrong in plane crash, experts say. Herald Tribune, p. A5.

Electronic article, periodical retrieved from database

With Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Smith, A., & Brown, B. (2056). Dining out: A history of restaurant eating in New Zealand. Journal of New Zealand Historical Research, 3(5), 110-123. doi:10.1108/13522750710740855

 Without DOI Smith, A., & Brown, B. (2056). Glamorizing domesticity: Narratives of marriage and motherhood in Desperate Housewives. Journal of Media Studies, 25(4), 110-123. Retrieved from Expanded Academic database.

Electronic article, Internet journal article Smith, A., & Brown, B. (2056). Dining out: A history of restaurant eating in New Zealand. Journal of New Zealand Historical Research, 3(5), 110-123. Retrieved from http://www.jnzhr.org.nz/

no fixed publication date and/or is likely to change over time:

Smith, A., & Brown, B. (2056). Dining out: A history of restaurant eating in New Zealand. Journal of New Zealand Historical Research, 3(5), 110-123. Retrieved October 13, 2057, from http://www.jnzhr.org.nz/

Conference presentation, unpublished

Dita, S. N. (2010, December). Intensifiers in Philippine English. Paper presented at the 16th International Association of World Englishes (IAWE) Conference, Vancouver, Canada.

Conference paper, online

Dita, S. N. (2008, December). Disjuncts in Philippine English. Paper presented at the 14th International Association of World Englishes (IAWE) Conference, City University of HK, Hong Kong, SAR. Retrieved from http://www.cityu.edu.hk/iawe2008/dita .html

Conference paper, published

Dita, S.N., Roxas, R.E.O & Inventado, P. (2009). Building Online Corpora of Philippine Languages. Proceedings of the 23rd Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation (pp. 646-653). HK, SAR: City University of Hong Kong.

Thesis or dissertation
Bacabac, F. (1994). Semantic analysis: Approximations of Greimas theory of meanings. Unpublished thesis, University of the Philippines. Gonzalez, Andrew, FSC. (1970). Pampangan: Toward a meaning-based description. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.

Personal communication, email or interview

In-text citation Schneider (personal communication, June 12, 2010) believes that the risks... The risks are greater before dawn (E. Schneider, personal communication, June 12, 2010). Reference IT DOES NOT APPEAR!!

Electronic source, Web page

Smith, A., & Brown, B. (2056). Independent public toilet user survey. Retrieved from http://www.timbucktwo.edu/gvu/users urveys/toiletsurvey/

Electronic source, organization

First in-text citation ... as a recent study has shown (Department of
Education [DepEd], 2010).

Subsequent in-text citations

(DepEd, 2056).

Reference Department of Education (2010). DepEd: Your partner in education. Retrieved from http://www.deped.org.ph/

Following the format just presented, assemble the pieces of information given in the next set of slides into a reference section of a research paper. Put your answers on a yellow pad

EXERCISE 1

Bibliographic Citation 1
Joseph A de Vito published in 1994 the book, Human Communication: The Basic Course (sixth edition). It was published by HarperCollins Publishers, New York.

BC 2
In 1993, a Filipino student named Stanley Earl B. Fronda wrote Post Saussurean/Post Derridean Gobbledegookish Literary Shibboleths, an unpublished thesis. Fronda finished his degree at the University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City.

BC 3
The article written by Portia P. Padilla entitled Reading Comprehension Performance of Filipino Dyslexic and Non-dyslexic Children appeared in the March 2006 issue of the scholarly journal Education Quarterly, Volume LXIV, Number 3, on pages 148 to 164.

BC 4
Petra Dimagiba, a student researcher, received through electronic mail a document entitled Teaching English in Context written by Davis Brown Maley. Maley sent the documents to Dimagiba on June 10, 1996.

BC 5
Volume VII, Issue Number 11 of World Mission Magazine includes Fr. Fransisco Carreras article The Church in Africa. Published by the Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus, the issue came out in December 1995. The article is found on pages 14 to 16 of the magazine.

Change the errors in citation

EXERCISE 2

Exercise. . .
Gonzalez, Andrew. (2000). Successful language teaching in Southeast Asia: The Philippine experience (1898-1946). Philippine journal of Linguistics, 31(1), 1-9.

Exercise. . .
Hundt, Marianne. (2006). The committee has/have decided: on concord patterns with collective nouns in inner- and outer-circle varieties of English. Journal of English Linguistics 34(3), 206-232.

Exercise. . .
Schneider, Edgar W. (2005). The Subjunctive in Philippine English. In D.T. Dayag & J. S. Quakenbush (eds.), Linguistics and language education in the Philippines and beyond: a festschrift in honor of Ma. Lourdes S. Bautista, (pp. 2740). Manila, the Philippines: Linguistic Society of the Philippines.

.thank you!

"If you don't know where you are going, you will probably end up somewhere else."
- Laurence J. Peter