Chapter No.

07

Floors and floor types

Building Construction and Graphics

FALL-2013.

By. Engr.Rahat Ullah

outline
Floors introduction Function of ground floor Floor types Hard flooring Soft flooring

By. Engr.Rahat Ullah

Floor
A building's primary horizontal planar surface Support live loads: people, furnishings, and movable equipment Support dead loads: the weight of the floor itself, any non-movable, built-in components on the floor After the foundations have been completed and the external walls constructed the construction of the floors commences.

Functions of ground floor

1. To carry loads imposed on them. 2. To prevent dampness rising from the ground into the building. 3. To provide a degree of thermal insulation. 4. To prevent growth of vegetable matter in the building. 5. To provide a suitable wearing surface. Basically there are two types of ground floors: solid floors and suspended floors.

 When selecting back-ground materials for residential and nonresidential interior settings, it is important to start with the floor and work up. When selecting flooring, remember the following three things Appearance Durability Maintenance

Flooring Types
1) Hard Flooring a) b) c) Wood Stone Tile 2) Soft Flooring a) b) Carpet Rugs

c)

Resilient

Types of Flooring
A) Wood 1. Strip flooring 2. Random plank 3. Parquet

Wood - Most popular

Strip Flooring
Tongue and groove Nailed to sub floor Pre-finished or unfinished

Random Plank
Wider than strips Screwed to sub floor, covered with wood plugs

Parquet
Small pieces arranged in different designs Pre-finished squares for easy installation

Stone Flooring
Marble Various colors depending on origin Verdigris (vr-d-grs) : marbles that have a green color Limestone: most common, usually white but may have cloudy streaks Onyx: may have layers of colors or banding

Stone
Terrazzo formed using marble or chipped stones embedded in full concrete.
artistic and very reliable best for outdoor spaces such as verandas or patios. strong but 50% chance of breakage at quarry

Stone Travertine: porous limestone used on floors or walls

Comes from mineral springs Holes from escaping gas Holes filled with resin which may or may not be same color

Ceramic Tile

Bathrooms, kitchens, entryways Made from baked clay Durable, moisture resistant, easy to clean Can crack if not installed on even surface

Other Tiles

Ceramic Mosaic
Individual tiles mounted together to keep together and make installation easier More often on walls

Mexican
Made from clay Shaped by hand Dried in sun

Quarry
Fired Earth/Clay Warm brown to beige

Resilient Floor Coverings

Flooring with a semi-hard surface that returns to its original shape after stress Warmer and quieter to walk on Not quite as durable Vinyl and plastic laminate

Vinyl
Resists stains, affordable Sheet Vinyl
6, 9, 12 foot sheets Rotogravure (r-t-gr-vyur)
Top layer covered with clear coating Thin, tears easily

Inlaid
Colored chips make designs (heat, pressure) Design all the way to backing Most durable of the vinyl

Vinyl
Vinyl Tiles
12 in. X 12 in. Sticky backing Place together like a puzzle

Carpet
Insulates against drafts Decreases noise More comforting feel Quality
Pile (nap): visible surface of carpet Density: how close the tufts are made together, more important than depth Heat setting Twist Depth

Carpet Fibers
95% made of manufactured fibers Nylon:
most popular, durable, easy to maintain, limited colors

Polypropylene (olefin):
strong, nonabsorbent, resists stains and static, colorfast, cheap, crushes easily, limited colors, heat sensitive

Continued..
Polyester blend (PET) made from recycled plastics, resists stains and fading Acrylic: feels and looks like wool, low static level, resists mildew, subject to pilling

Carpet Fibers Cont.

Wool: soft durable long lasting expensive moth sensitive shrinkage allergies hard to clean

Backing or Cushion
Extends life of carpet Shock absorber Less than thick

thanks