D.AKSHAYA B.

TECH IT-A

 An

allotrope of carbon Allotrope- different structural form of the same element(here carbon) Fullerene family-entirely made of carbon Rolled-graphene structures

carbon

Diamond

Graphite

Fullerene

Diamond-carbon

Graphite-

atoms tetrahedrally linked covalent bonds in -3D Hybridisation- sp3 Non-conductor

Hexagonally linked carbon atoms Hybridisation-sp2 Conductor-as it contains unpaired electrons

 They

are molecules composed entirely of carbon, which take the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Spherical fullerenes are sometimes called buckyballs, while cylindrical fullerenes are called buckytubes or nanotubes.

Spherical in shape .A ball with 32 faces. Of the 32 faces, 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons . Looks exactly like a soccer ball(FOOTBALL)

Carbon nano tubes- name is derived from their size, since the diameter of a nanotube is of the order of a few nanometers (1/50,000 times the width of a human hair) while they can be up to several centimeters in length

No.of sheets rolled

Single walled-CNT(SWNT) Multi walled-CNT(MWNT) Zig-zag Arm-chair Chiral

Direction of rolling

 SWNT-single

sheet

of graphene MWNT- multiple sheets of graphene rolled about a common axis(i.e concentric circles)

ELECTRICAL

MECHANICAL

OPTICAL

The direction of rolling determines the electrical properties Arm chairmetallic(conducting) Chiral CNTsemiconducting Generally CNT-1/3 metallic and 2/3 semiconducting properties in CNT The band gap is inversely is proportional to its diameter (semiconducting

The Young's modulus is over 1 Tera Pascal (Larger the youngs modulus, lesser is the stability) It is stiff as diamond The estimated tensile strength is 200 Giga Pascal It is 10 times stronger than steel

Efficiently absorbsuv,visible and IR rays-used in solar panels Absorption of electromagnetic waves especially microwaves helps enhancing stealth characteristics of military vehicles &aircrafts

 Textiles-water

proof &tear resistant fabrics Combat jackets/body armour-bullet proof wears Constructions-CNT bridges replacing steel suspensions As super-conductors,diodes,transistors As capacitors-to increase charging ability BUCKY PAPER-250 times stronger than steel & 10 times lighter than it-used as Faraday cage to protect airplanes, electric devices

FIELD OF MEDICINE Artificial muscles-sufficient contractility Scaffold materials for osteoblast proliferation and bone formation Other uses: Air pollution filter Desalination of water-Reverse Osmosis POLYETHYLENE+CNT- elastic modulus > 30% Hydrogen storage 65% by weight