1

STEEL-CONCRETE
COMPOSITE COLUMN - I
2
INTRODUCTION

Concrete filled hollow sections
Fully and partially concrete encased columns
3
ADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITE
COLUMNS

increased strength, good fire resistance.
corrosion protection in encased columns.
significant economic advantages over steel or
reinforced concrete.
increased stiffness reduced slenderness and
increased buckling resistance.
identical cross sections for different load and
moment resistances
efficient erection of high rise building




4
5
MATERIAL PROPERTIES


Structural Steel

Concrete

Reinforcing Steel

Partial Safety Factors


6
Yield strength f
y
of Steel Sections as per IS:961-1975
and IS:1977-1975



Nominal steel
grade

Nominal
thickness/diameter
(mm)

Yield stress,
f
y
(N/mm
2
)


Fe 570-HT

t < 6

350

6s t s28

350

28< t s 45

340
Fe 540W-HT

t <6

350

6s t s16

350

16< t s32

340
Fe 410-O
(not subjected
to dynamic
loading other
than wind)

t <6

250

6s t s20

250

20< t s40

240




7
Yield Strength f
y
of Steel Sections as per IS
2062:1992
Nominal steel
grade
Nominal thickness/diameter
(mm)
Yield stress
f
y

(Mpa)
< 20 250
20 - 40
240 Fe 410W A
> 40 230
< 20
250
20 - 40 240 Fe 410W B
> 40
230
< 20 250
20 - 40
240
Fe 410W C
> 40 230
8
Properties of concrete according IS:456-2000


Grade
Designation

M25

M30

M35

M40


f
ck
(N/mm
2
)

25

30

35

40

f
ctm
(N/mm
2
)

2.2

2.6

2.8

3.3

E
cm
=5700\fck
(N/mm
2
)

28500

31220

33720

36050



9
Characteristic Strengths of Reinforcing Steel

Type of steel Indian
Standard
Nominal
size ( mm )
Yield Stress ,
f
sk
( N/mm
2
)
250
Mild steel Grade I
(plain bars)
IS:432(Part1)-
1982
240
225
Mild steel Grade II
(plain bars)
IS:432(Part1)-
1982
215
540
540
Medium tensile steel
(plain bars)
IS:432(Part1)-
1982
510
415
500
Medium tensile steel
(Hot-rolled deformed
bars and Cold-twisted
deformed bars)
IS:1786-1985
550
ds 20
ds 16
20<ds 50
ds 20
20<ds 50
16<ds 32
32<ds 50
for bars of
all sizes
10
Partial Safety Factor
f
for Loads

Loading

f

Dead Load
1.35
Dead load restraining uplift or
overturning
-
Dead Load + Imposed Load
-
Dead Load + Wind Load
1.35
Dead Load + wind (major load)
+ Imposed load
1.0
1.35
1.35
Dead Load + wind (minor load)
+ Imposed load
1.35 1.5 1.05
1.5 1.05
1.5
-
-
-
1.5
-
DL LL WL
11
Partial Safety Factor for Materials

Material
m
Steel Section 1.15
Concrete 1.5
Reinforcement 1.15
12
COMPOSITE COLUMN DESIGN
Method of Design

Fire resistance


13
PROPOSED DESIGN METHOD

Resistance of cross-section to compression

Encased steel sections and concrete filled rectangular /
square hollow sections:-

P
p
= A
a
.f
y
/
a
+o
c
.A
c.
f
ck
/
c
+A
S
.f
sk
/
s


o
c
= strength coefficient for concrete (1.0 for filled
tubes 0.85 for fully or partially encased sections)
14
Stress distribution of the plastic resistance to
compression of an encased I section

ck

y

P
p


h

sk

15
Concrete filled circular hollow sections







sk

s
A
ck
f
y
f
d
t
1
1
ck

c
A
y

a
A
p
P +
(
(

+ + =
where

t thickness of the circular hollow section

e eccentricity defined by M/P


16
(

=
s <
d
10e
1
10

10
d
e and 0.5 for
( )
1.0
2
and 0
1

10
d
e and 0.5 for
d
e 10
20
1
20

= =
> >
+ =
q
1
and q
2
coefficients accounting for increase in
plastic resistance, given by
17
Basic value of q
10
and q
20
for the effect of triaxial
confinement in concrete filled circular hollow sections,
applicable for concrete grades (f
ck
)
cy
= 25 to 55
0 . 0 = 1 . 0 = 3 . 0 = 5 . 0 > 2 . 0 = 4 . 0 =














q
10


4.90

3.22

1.88

0.88

0.22

0.00

q
20


0.75

0.80

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

18
Non-dimensional slenderness


where

P
pu
plastic resistance of the cross- section with

a
=
c
=
s
= 1.0

P
cr
elastic buckling load

cr
P
pu
P
=
19
(l/r) Slenderness
ratio
(a) : Idealized column
buckling curve
P

P
p









P
cr

\ P
p
/P
cr

_ =P / P
p

(b) Non-dimensionalised
column buckling curve
20
Check for Local Buckling of Steel Sections

2
85
t
d
e s
for concrete filled circular hollow sections
e s 50
t
h
for concrete filled rectangular hollow sections
e s 43
f
t
b
for partially encased I sections
where
y
f
250
= e
21
Check against Critical Buckling Load

Elastic critical buckling load, P
cr

( )
2
e
EI
2
cr
P

t
=
where
(EI)
e
effective elastic flexural stiffness
buckling length

22
Effective Elastic Flexural Stiffness

Two design rules

Short term loading
(EI)
e
= E
a
I
a
+ 0.8 E
cd
I
c
+ E
s
I
s

E
cd
= E
cm
/
c

E
cm
secant modulus of the concrete

c
= 1.35 (according to Eurocode 2)

Long term loading
(1) Eccentricity
when e = M

/P > 2 (cross-section dimension about the
plane of bending considered)

23
(2) when non - dimensional slenderness exceeds the
limits given below

Limiting values of for long term loading

Braced

Non-sway
systems

Unbraced
and/or sway
systems

Concrete encased
cross-sections

0.8

0.5

Concrete filled
cross sections

0.8
1- o

0.5
1- o

p
y a
P
A
= o
where
24
When e/d<2 and when exceeds limits given in
Table-6, the modulus of elasticity of the concrete E
c

is defined as
(

P
P
E E
d
cd c
5 . 0
1
25
Resistance of Members to Axial
compression


P

< _ P
P


P design axial load
P
p
plastic resistance
_ reduction factor due to column
buckling
26
European Buckling Curves
cr
P
pu
P
=
1.0
_ = P/P
p

0
0
0.2
2.0 1.0
a
c
b
27
curve a for concrete filled hollow sections

curve b for fully or partially concrete encased
I-sections buckling about strong axis

curve c for fully and partially concrete encased
I-sections buckling about the weak axis

Mathematically these curves are described as
0 . 1
1
2 2
s
+
= _
| |
_ but
(

+ + =
2
) 2 . 0 ( 1 5 . 0 o |

where

28
European
buckling
curve

a

b

c

Imperfectio
n factor o

0.21

0.34

0.49

Imperfection Factor o for the Buckling Curves

(b) < 0.2
The isolated non-sway composite
columns need not be checked for
buckling, if
(a) The axial force in the column is
less than 0.1 P
cr

29
STEPS IN DESIGN
Columns with Axial Load
Design Steps for columns with axial load

List material properties: f
y
,

f
sk
, f
ck
, E
a
, E
s
, E
c

List sectional properties A
a
, A
s
, A
c
, I
a
, I
s
, I
c


Design checks

30
(1) Evaluate plastic resistance, P
p


P
p
= A
a
f
y
/
a
+o
c
A
c
f
ck
/
c
+ A
s
f
sk
/
s


(2) Evaluate effective flexural stiffness,
(EI)
ex
and (EI)
ey
,

for short term loading

(EI)
ex
=E
a
I
ax
+ 0.8 E
cd
I
cx
+ E
s
I
sx

(EI)
ey
=E
a
I
ay
+ 0.8 E
cd
I
cy
+ E
s
I
sy










31
(3) Evaluate non-dimensional slenderness,
and from equation,


x

( )
2
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
x
cr
pu
x
P
P

( )
2
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
y
cr
pu
y
P
P

32

where

P
pu
= A
a
f
y
+ o
c
A
c
f
ck
+ A
s
f
sk


(
a
=
c
=
s
= 1.0)








( )
2
ex
2
crx
EI
P

=
( )
2
2

ey
cry
EI
P
t
=
and

33
(4) Check the resistance against axial compression

Design against axial compression is satisfied if
following conditions are satisfied:

P <_
x
P
p

P <_
y
P
p


where











{ }
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
2
1
2 2
1
x
x x
x
| |
_
( ) | |
2
2 . 0 1 5 . 0
x x
x x
and o | + + =
34
( ) | |
2
2 . 0 1 5 . 0
y y
y y
and o | + + =
{ }
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
2
1
2 2
1
y
y y
y
| |
_