WIRELESS ENERGY METER READING USING RF TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUTION
With the increase in population, there will be a growth in commercial and domestic loads. So paying electricity bills we have to go to e-seva, this is very time consuming process. In electrical department side there may be a chance of errors in noting the units and issue of monthly bills.

Wireless communication has become an important feature for commercial products and a popular research topic within the last ten years.

WHAT IS RF TECHNOLOGY?
RF refers to RADIO FREQUENCY.

RF is the wireless transmission of data by digital radio signals at a particular frequency.

RF waves are electromagnetic waves which propagate at the speed of light , or 186000 miles per second.

OPERATION
The system is consists of RF digital Power meters installed in every consumer unit and an electricity system at the energy provider side. The RF Digital Power Meter is a single phase digital kWh power meter with embedded RF encoder and decoder which utilizes the RF network to send its power usage reading using encoder back to the energy provider wirelessly. A working prototype of the system was build to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of automatic meter reading, billing and notification through the use of RF network.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
CONTROLSECTION:
Power supply
RF RECEIVER

MICRO CONTROLLER
DECODER

PC

MAX 232

METER SECTION:

LCD Power supply

Power supply EEPROM

Micro controller
OPTO COUPLER Energy Meter

RF TRANSMITTER

ENCODER

RELAY

HOME APPLIANCE

SCHEMATIC
METER SECTION :

A T 8 9 C 5 1

CONTROL SECTION:

A T 8 9 C 5 1

HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Regulated Power Supply. Microcontroller . LCD. Optocoupler. EEPROM. MAX 232. RF Transmitter. RF Receiver.

REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

AC i/P

Step Down Transformer

Bridge Rectifier

Filter Circuit

Regulator section

TRANSFORMER
A transformer is an electrical device which is used to convert voltage from high level to low level or vice versa without change in frequency.

RECTIFIER
A circuit which is used to convert ac to dc is known as RECTIFIER. The process of conversion ac to dc is called rectification

FILTER:
A Filter is a device which removes the a.c component but allows the d.c component to reach the load

REGULATOR:
Voltage regulator ICs is available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output voltages. The maximum current they can pass also rates them. Negative voltage regulators are available, mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some automatic protection from excessive current ('overload protection') and overheating ('thermal protection').

MICROCONTROLLER

A T 8 9 C 5 1
RD

MAX 232
MAX232 pin diagram

The MAX 232 provides voltage translation so the TTL PIC 16F84 can understand the messages sent to it from the computer. A serial cable is also provided to connect the MAX232 to the PC and jumper cables to connect the MAX232 to the micro controller.

LCD DISPLAY SECTION

This section is basically meant to show up the status of the project. This project makes use of Liquid Crystal Display to display / prompt for necessary information. The LCD can display a character successfully by placing the Data in Data Register. Command in Command Register of LCD

LCD PIN DIAGRAM

So in this project, the LCD is used to display the instantaneous information. The information may be prompting or alerting or instructing the user.

OPTOCOUPLER
There are many situations where signals and data need to be transferred from one system to another within a piece of electronics equipment, or from one piece of equipment to another, without making a direct electrical connection .

EEPROM (24C02)
pin diagram

The IS24C02 is a low cost 2,048-bit serial EEPROM. d The IS24C02 is internally organized as a 256 x 8 memory bank. The IS24C02 features a serial interface and software protocol allowing operation on a simple 2-wire bus. d

TRANSMITTER SECTION
Port 1 pins completely dedicated to the encoder (HT640E) input data pins to send the data to the transmission module. What ever the data we are sending to the receiving section that will be sent through encoder because it is a device which will be converting the data many to one and that will be fed to Tx module through Dout pin of it. TE pin is connected to P2.1.

RF Transmitter

ANT

VCC

DATA

GND

RECEIVER SECTION
Complete P1 8-0pins are connected to the decoder (HT648D) data pins i.e. the data what it got from the transmitting section will be decode because it is device which converts one to many data and fed to the controller through this pins. VT pin is

RF Receiver

ANT

VCC

DATA

GND

connected to P3.2.

APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSION

By using WIRELESS ENERGY METER USING RF TECHNOLOGY we can assure that accurate meter readings.

REFERENCES
8051-MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM. -Mohd. Mazidi. The 8051 Micro controller Architecture, Programming & Applications -Kenneth J.Ayala. Fundamentals of Micro processors and Micro computers -Kenneth J.Ayala. Wireless Communications Theodore S. Rappaport. Electronic Components -D.V.Prasad.

External links:
Radio, light, and sound waves, conversion between wavelength and frequency RF Terms Glossary

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QUARRIES ?

THANK YOU