WiMAX

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

Overview of WiMax

Short for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, and it also goes by the IEEE name 802.16. Wireless solution to metropolitan area network (MAN). A MAN allows areas the size of cities to be connected. New technology that proposes to solve problems of broadband access and WiFi access. New WiMAX technology would provide: The high speed of broadband service Wireless rather than wired access: Road coverage like the cell phone network instead of tiny little hotspots of WiFi

How WiMax Works

A WiMAX system consists of two parts: A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area -- as big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km). A WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today.

802.16 Standards History

First standard based on proprietary implementations of DOCSIS/HFC architecture in wireless domain

802.16
(Dec 2001)

Original fixed wireless broadband air Interface for 10 66 GHz: Line-of-sight only, Point-toMulti-Point applications Extension for 2-11 GHz: Targeted for nonline-of-sight, Point-to-Multi-Point applications like last mile broadband access

802.16c
(2002)

802.16a
802.16 Amendment WiMAX System Profiles 10 - 66 GHz

(Jan 2003)

802.16REVd (802.16-2004) (Oct 2004)

Adds WiMAX System Profiles and Errata for 2-11 GHz

802.16e
(802.16-2005) (Dec 2005)

MAC/PHY Enhancements to support subscribers moving at vehicular speeds

What is WIMAX?
WIMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WiMAX refers to broadband wireless networks that are based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, which ensures compatibility and interoperability between broadband wireless access equipment WiMAX, which will have a range of up to 31 miles, is primarily aimed at making broadband network access widely available without the expense of stringing wires (as in cable-access broadband) or the distance limitations of Digital Subscriber Line.

THINK OF INTERNET
There are three possible ways to access internet.
Broadband access Uses DSL or cable modem at home and T1 or T3 line at office WIFI Uses WIFI routers at home and hotspots on the road Dial Up Connection

NEW TECHNOLOGY
Broadband access is too expensive and WiFi coverage is very sparse. The new technology promises
High speed of broadband service Wireless rather than wired access Broad Coverage

A WIMAX system consists of

1) A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area as big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km). 2) A WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a small box or Personal Computer Memory card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today

WIMAX TOWER

WIMAX RECEIVER

HOW WIMAX works?

MODES OF OPERATION
Non-Line of sight Uses a lower frequency range. Line of sight Uses a higher frequency range.

WIMAX Scenario
Consider a scenario where a WiMax-enabled computer is 10 miles away from the WiMax base station.
A special encryption code is given to computer to gain access to base station The base station would beam data from the Internet required for computer (at speeds potentially higher than today's cable modems)

WIMAX Scenario
The user would pay the provider monthly fee for using the service. The cost for this service could be much lower than current high-speed Internet-subscription fees because the provider never had to run cables The WiMAX protocol is designed to accommodate several different methods of data transmission, one of which is Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) If WiMAX-compatible computers become very common, the use of VoIP could increase dramatically. Almost anyone with a laptop could make VoIP calls

WIMAX CHIPS
WiMAX Mini-PCI Reference Design WIMAX chip Intels first

IEEE 802.16
Range- 30 miles from base station Speed- 70 Megabits per second Frequency bands- 2 to 11 and 10 to 66(licensed and unlicensed bands respectively) Defines both MAC and PHY layer and allows multiple PHY layer specifications

WiMax (IEEE 802.16)

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

Point-to-Point Wireless transmission Requires line-of-sight Can offer high speed data transfer up to 31 miles Up to 70Mbps shared rate
Good for 60 businesses on T1 lines Hundreds of houses with DSL like connectivity

Complemented by WiFi

WiMax Growth

How Does WiMax Work?

Similar to WiFi but over greater distances and higher speeds Two parts: A WiMAX system consists of two parts: A WiMAX tower (like a cell-phone tower) A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area -- as big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km). A WiMAX receiver The receiver and antenna could be a small box or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today.

WiMax Wireless service

Two forms
There is the non-line-of-sight, Like WiFi where a small antenna on your computer connects to the tower. In this mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency range -- 2 GHz to 11 GHz (similar to WiFi). Lower-wavelength transmissions are not as easily disrupted by physical obstructions -- they are better able to diffract, or bend, around obstacles

WiMax service
Line-of-sight service
fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower from a rooftop or pole. The line-of-sight connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able to send a lot of data with fewer errors. Line-of-sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz. At higher frequencies, there is less interference and lots more bandwidth.

IEEE 802.16 Specifications

Range - 30-mile (50-km) radius from base station Speed - 70 megabits per second Line-of-sight not needed between user and base station Frequency bands - 2 to 11 GHz and 10 to 66 GHz (licensed and unlicensed bands)

IEEE 802.16 Specifications

802.16a Uses the licensed frequencies from 2 to 11 GHz Supports Mesh network 802.16b Increase spectrum to 5 and 6 GHz Provides QoS( for real time voice and video service) 802.16c Represents a 10 to 66GHz 802.16d Improvement and fixes for 802.16a 802.16e Addresses on Mobile Enable high-speed signal handoffs necessary for communications with users moving at vehicular speeds

802.16 Architecture
IEEE 802.16 Protocol Architecture has 4 layers: Convergence, MAC, Transmission and physical, which can be mapped to two OSI lowest layers: physical and data link.

802.16 Architecture
P2MP Architecture
BS connected to Public Networks BS serves Subscriber Stations (SS) Provides SS with first mile access to Public Networks

Mesh Architecture
Optional architecture for WiMAX

P2MP Architecture

Mesh Architecture

FEATURES OF WIMAX
Scalability

Quality of Service
Range Coverage

Scalability
The 802.16 standard supports flexible radio frequency (RF) channel bandwidths. The standard supports hundreds or even thousands of users within one RF channel As the number of subscribers grow the spectrum can be reallocated with process of sectoring.

Quality of Service
Primary purpose of QoS feature is to define transmission ordering and scheduling on the air interface These features often need to work in conjunction with mechanisms beyond the air interface in order to provide end to end QoS or to police the behaviour or SS.

Requirements for QoS

A configuration and registration function to pre configure SS based QoS service flows and traffic parameters A signalling function for dynamically establishing QoS enabled service flows and traffic parameters Utilization of MAC scheduling and QoS traffic parameters for uplink service flows Utilization of QoS traffic parameters for downlink service flows

RANGE
Optimized for up to 50 Km Designed to handle many users spread out over kilometres Designed to tolerate greater multi-path delay spread (signal reflections) up to 10.0 seconds PHY and MAC designed with multi-mile range in mind

Coverage
Standard supports mesh network topology Optimized for outdoor NLOS performance Standard supports advanced antenna techniques

BENEFITS OF WIMAX
Speed
Faster than broadband service

Wireless
Not having to lay cables reduces cost Easier to extend to suburban and rural areas

Broad Coverage
Much wider coverage than WiFi hotspots

Benefits to Service Providers

Allow service providers to deliver high throughput broadband based services like VoIP, high-speed Internet and Video Facilitate equipment compatibility Reduce the capital expenditures required for network expansion Provide improved performance and extended range

Benefits to Customers
Range of technology and service level choices from both fixed and wireless broadband operators DSL-like services at DSL prices but with portability Rapidly declining fixed broadband prices No more DSL installation fees from incumbent

Why not WIFI

Scalability Relative Performance Quality of Service Range Coverage Security

Scalability
802.11

802.16a
Channel bandwidths can be chosen by operator (e.g. for sectorization) 1.5 MHz to 20 MHz width channels. MAC designed for scalability. independent of channel bandwidth

Wide (20MHz) frequency channels

MAC designed to support 10s of users

MAC designed to support thousands of users.

RELATIVE PERFORMANCE
Channel Bandwidth 802.11 802.16a 20 MHz 1.5 20 MHz Maximum Data Rate 54 Mbps 100 Mbps Maximum bps/Hz 2.7 bps/Hz 5.0 bps/Hz

Quality of Service
802.11

802.16a

Contention-based MAC (CSMA/CA) => no guaranteed QoS Standard cannot currently guarantee latency for Voice, Video Standard does not allow for differentiated levels of service on a per-user basis

Grant-request MAC

Designed to support Voice and Video from ground up Supports differentiated service levels: e.g. T1 for business customers; best effort for residential. Centrally-enforced QoS

802.11e (proposed) QoS is prioritization only

Range
802.11

802.16a

Optimized for ~100 meters No near-far compensation

Optimized for up to 50 Km Designed to handle many users spread out over kilometers

Designed to handle indoor multipath delay spread of 0.8 seconds

Optimization centers around PHY and MAC layer for 100m range

Designed to tolerate greater multi-path delay spread (signal reflections) up to 10.0 seconds
PHY and MAC designed with multimile range in mind

Coverage
802.11

802.16a

Optimized for indoor performance

Optimized for outdoor NLOS performance Standard supports mesh network topology Standard supports advanced antenna techniques

No mesh topology support within ratified standards

Security
802.11 802.16a

Existing standard is WPA + WEP

802.11i in process of addressing security

Existing standard is PKM - EAP

Advantages of WiMax over 3G

Using an assortment of proprietary and standardsbased technologies, such as OFDM and W-CDMA ,WiMax has a clear advantage over 3G The advantages include
Higher Throughput Low Cost Lower Latency

Advantages of WiMax over 3G

Advantages of WiMax over 3G

WiMax spectrum is more economical than 3G.
The price paid per Hz is as much as 1000 times lower than for 3G spectrum The low cost is a clear driver for service providers to enter the field of wireless services with WiMax

Advantages of WiMax over 3G

WiMAX is important for mobile broadband wireless, as it completes 3G by providing higher performance for data with more than 1 Mbps downstream to allow connection of laptops and PDAs WiMAX technology is the solution for many types of high-bandwidth applications at the same time across long distances and will enable service carriers to converge the all-IP-based network for triple-play services data, voice, and video

Advantages of WiMax over 3G

WiMAX interoperable solutions enable economies of scale through integration of standard chipsets, making WiMAX Forum Certified products costeffective at delivering high-capacity broadband services at large coverage distances in Line Of Sight and Non Line Of Sight conditions

USES OF WIMAX

More

FUTURE
WiMax will be deployed in three stages
In the first phase WiMaX technology (based on IEEE 802.162004) provides fixed wireless connections In the second phase WiMaX will be available as a cheap and self-installing Subscriber Terminal (ST), linked to PC and to antenna The third phase enables portability, thus WiMAX (based on IEEE 802.16e) will be integrated into commercial laptops

Promises

ISSUES in 3G vs. WIMAX

Deployment of the network
WIMAX deployment is in the planning stages and it might take 3-5 years in providing reasonable coverage in well populated areas WiMax may initially be relegated to college campuses and larger corporate campuses where people are less mobile and costs containment is important

ISSUES in 3G vs. WIMAX

Quality of Service
To provide quality of service by deploying WIMAX networks and to facilitate the continuous availability of service, careful planning is required at the edge of the network to manage network monitoring, availability, failover, routing etc This can actually be done using outsourced services in cheap labor markets like India and China via the public Internet

ISSUES in 3G vs. WIMAX

Cost Issue
The main reason to opt for WIMAX is its low cost. The price paid per Hz for WIMAX spectrum is as much as 1000 times lower than for 3G spectrum The low cost of WIMAX spectrum compared to 3G is a clear driver for service providers to enter the field of wireless services with WIMAX

The WIMAX Forum

Founded in April 2001
No Profit organization comprised of wireless access system manufacturers, component suppliers, software developers and carriers A wireless industry consortium that supports and promotes WiMAXs commercial usage Comply with the WiMAX standard and focus on the interoperability

Members include Intel, AT&T, Siemens Mobile, British Telecommunications, etc

Conclusion (The Final Issue)

Will WIMAX replace 3G?
Along with the forthcoming standardization, WiMAX has the potential to substitute 3G and become a promising 4G
WiMAX has its distinct identity as either a stand-alone solution for incumbent and competitive fixed network operators or as complementary radio access solution for established 2G and 3G cellular network operators

Fixed-line operators, on the one hand, may consider WiMAX as a viable alternative to add mobility to the service portfolio, leveraging their huge subscriber base, in particular in countries where 3G licensing is delayed or not affordable

Applications of 802.16 Standards

802.16 Network Architecture

802.16 Network Architecture (2)

Scope of 802.16 Standards

Physical Layer Summary

Designation WirelessMAN-SC WirelessMAN-SC Applicability 10-66 GHz Licensed Basic 2-11 GHz Licensed 2-11 GHz Licensed WirelessMAN-OFDM 2-11 GHz Licenseexempt 2-11 GHz Licensed WirelessMANOFDMA 2-11 GHz Licenseexempt Basic, (ARQ), (STC), (AAS) Basic, (ARQ), (STC), (AAS) Basic, (ARQ), (STC), (DFS), (MSH), (AAS) Basic, (ARQ), (STC), (AAS) Basic, (ARQ), (STC), (DFS), (MSH), (AAS) MAC Duplexing TDD, FDD, HFDD TDD, FDD TDD, FDD TDD

TDD, FDD TDD

Channel Characteristics
10-66 GHz
Very weak multipath components (LOS is required) Rain attenuation is a major issue Single-carrier PHY

2-11 GHz
Multipath NLOS Single and multi-carrier PHYs

OFDMA Subchannels
A subset of subcarriers is grouped together to form a subchannel A transmitter is assigned one or more subchannels in DL direction (16 subchannels are supported in UL in OFDM PHY) Subchannels provide interference averaging benefits for aggressive frequency reuse systems

OFDM Basics
Orthogonal Subcarriers

Cyclic Prefix in Frequency Domain

Cyclic Prefix in Time Domain

Equalizers are avoided in OFDM

Narrow bandwidth long symbol times all significant multipaths arrive within a symbol time minimizing ISI no equalization low complexity
Tx Signal Note: All signals & multipath over a useful symbol time are from the same symbol & add constructively (no ISI)

time

Cyclic Prefix

Useful Symbol Time

Rx Signal

time

Note: dashed lines represent multipath

Tradeoffs of FFT size

The FFT size determines the number of sub-carriers in the specified bandwidth Larger FFT sizes lead to narrower subcarriers and smaller inter-subcarrier spacing
More susceptibility to ICI, particularly in high Doppler (Note: Doppler shift for 125 km/hr for operation at 3.5 GHz is v/ = 35 m/sec/0.086 m = 408 Hz) Narrower subcarriers lead to longer symbol times less susceptibility to delay spread

Smaller FFT sizes the opposite is true

OFDMA Scalability

Supports s wide range of frame sizes (2-20 ms)

Time Division Duplexing (TDD)

General Downlink Frame Structure

Downlink Interval Usage Code (DIUC) indicates burst profile

General Uplink Frame Structure

Uplink Interval Usage Code (UIUC) indicates burst profile

OFDMA TDD Frame Structure

DL-MAP and UL-MAP indicate the current frame structure BS periodically broadcasts Downlink Channel Descriptor (DCD) and Uplink Channel Descriptor (UCD) messages to indicate burst profiles (modulation and FEC schemes)

Frame Structure Another View

Network Entry Process

SDU and PDU

Connections
802.16/WiMAX is connection oriented For each direction, a connection identified with a 16 bit CID Each CID is associated with a Service Flow ID (SFID) that determines the QoS parameters for that CID

PDU Transmission

QoS Mechanism

Generic MAC Frame

Generic MAC Header

Generic Bandwidth Request

Management Messages
Management messages are broadcast or sent on three CIDs in each direction: Basic, Primary, and Secondary
Uplink Channel Descriptor Downlink Channel Descriptor UL-MAP DL-MAP DSA-REQ DSA-RSP

Key Management Messages (1)

Key Management Messages (2)

Scheduling Types and QoS

Scheduling Type Parameters

Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) Max Sustained Traffic Rate, Maximum Latency, Tolerated Jitter Real-Time Polling Service (rtPS) Max Sustained Traffic Rate, Min Reserved Traffic Rate, Committed Burst Size, Maximum Latency, etc. Non-real-time Polling Service Committed Information Rate, (nrtPS) Maximum Information Rate
Extended rtPS was introduced in 802.16e that combines UGS and rtPS: This has periodic unsolicited can be changed by request Best Effort (BE) grants, but the grant size Maximum Information Rate

Scheduling Classes

 Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO)

Advanced 802.16 Features

MIMO channel capacity is given by C = B log2 det(I + SNR.HH*T/N) where H is MxN channel matrix with M and N are receive and transmit antennas, resp.

Hybrid-ARQ
For faster ARQ, combines error correction and detection and makes use of previously received versions of a frame

Adaptive Antenna System (AAS)

Enables directed beams between BS and SSs

WiBro (Wireless Broadband)

WiBro is an early large-scale deployment of 802.16 in South Korea (Dec 2005) Demonstrates 802.16 performance as compared to 3G/4G cellular alternatives 3 operators have been licensed by the government (each spending ~$1B)

WiMAX Opportunities
There is a work opportunity to create/enhance 802.16/WiMAX network level simulation
Contact sparekh@lucent.com

Technical contributions characterizing 802.16 performance and network capacity are much needed

WiMAX Transmitting Tower

WiMAX Equipment
Aperto Networks antenna and modem

Alvarion Base Station and Customer Premises equipment

A WiMAX tower station can connect directly to the Internet using a highbandwidth, wired connection. It can also connect to another WiMAX tower using a line-of-sight, microwave link. This connection to a second tower (often referred to as a backhaul), along with the ability of a single tower to cover up to 3,000 square miles, is what allows WiMAX to provide coverage to remote rural areas.

What Can WiMAX Do?

WiMAX operates on the same general principles as WiFi - it sends data from one computer to another via radio signals. A computer (either a desktop or a laptop) equipped with WiMAX would receive data from the WiMAX transmitting station, using encrypted data keys to prevent unauthorized users from stealing access. WiMAX should be able to handle up to 70 megabits per second. It will provide at least the equivalent of cablemodem transfer rates to each user. The biggest difference isn't speed; it's distance. WiMAX outdistances WiFi by miles. WiFi's range is about 100 feet (30 m). WiMAX will blanket a radius of 30 miles (50 km) with wireless access.

WiMAX can provide two forms of wireless service:

Non-line-of-sight, WiFi sort of service, where a small antenna on your computer connects to the tower. In this mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency range -- 2 GHz to 11 GHz (similar to WiFi). Lower-wavelength transmissions are not as easily disrupted by physical obstructions -- they are better able to diffract, or bend, around obstacles. Line-of-sight service, where a fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower from a rooftop or pole. The lineof-sight connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able to send a lot of data with fewer errors. Line-of-sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz. At higher frequencies, there is less interference and more bandwidth.

Two main applications for WiMAX

Fixed Wireless: Phase One: Outdoor, professionally installed antennas providing high speed service to businesses. Also, will serve in a backhaul role, linking WiFi hot spots to the greater Internet. Phase Two: Introduction of indoor, self-installable Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). Consumers will be able to bring home a box resembling a cable modem, plop it down anywhere in the house and receive high speed service. Mobile Wireless: Phase Three: Manufacturers to integrate WiMAX into PC Cards, laptops, and other portable devices to enjoy high speed connectivity at home, around town, and even while speeding down the highway.

 Main problems with cable and DSL technologies:

DSL can only reach about 18,000 feet (3 miles) from the central office switchmany urban, suburban and rural locations may not be served. Many older cable networks havent been equipped to provide a return channel and converting these networks to support highspeed broadband can be expensive. Cost of deploying cable is a significant deterrent to the extension of wired broadband service in areas with low subscriber density.

Main problems with WiFi (802.11) access:

Hot spots are very small, so coverage is sparse.

Current generation of proprietary wireless systems are relatively expensive for mass deployments because, without a standard, few economies of scale are possible.

Can provide service to underserved areas Can fill in the gaps in cable and DSL coverage Line of sight not required Provides high bandwidth Inherent flexibility and low cost helps to overcome the limitations of traditional wired and proprietary wireless technology Privacy and encryption features are included in 802.16 standard Standards based technology

WiMAX Solves these Problems and More:

Benefits of Standards
Enables economies of scale that can bring down the cost of equipment Without industry-wide standards, equipment manufacturers must provide all the hardware and software building blocks and platforms themselves Ensures interoperability Ensures compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless access equipment Establishes a subset of baseline features and protocol that all compliant equipment must satisfy- allows equipment from multiple vendors to interoperate Allows service providers to purchase equipment from more than one supplier

Drawbacks to WiMAX
Certain conditions terrain, weather and large buildingscan act to reduce the maximum range. Limited underserved customer base--Approx 85% of U.S. households can now buy broadband services and about 70% have a choice between DSL and cable. Most commercial WiMAX services likely to be small in scalemarkets limited to hard-to-reach rural areas or city neighborhoods that arent already hooked up for broadband. Cost to build a nationwide network could reach $3 billion. Scarcity of suitable airwaveslicensed airwave frequencies are allocated by the FCClimited availability. Unlicensed airwaves are free but all can use themdifficult to control service quality as other users of the same band could cause interference.

WiMAX Standards and Frequency Allocation IEEE 802.16

The WiMAX ForumTM is a non-profit industry forum, created to grant and certify compatibility and interoperability among IEEE802.16 based product from different vendors (equivalent to Wi-Fi for IEEE802.11) Works to achieve global acceptance: works with regulators to promote global harmonization of WiMAX friendly spectrum Promotes the adoption of IEEE 802.16 compliant equipment by operators of

broadband wireless access systems with marketing activities

Siemens is a Principal Member in the WiMAX Forum since January, 2004

First round profiles for initial certification process Frequency Duplexin Channelisation Band g [MHz] [MHz] 3.5 TDD 7.0 3400 3600 3.5 FDD 7.0

Tentative profiles for next round of the certification process Frequency Duplexin Channelisation Band g [MHz] [MHz] TDD 5.0 / 5.5 2500 2690 FDD 5.0 / 5.5

Broadband Technologies
DSL/Fiber 802.16 3G Evolved

Fixed Triple Play (Video) IP Telephony Internet

Fixed Nomadic

IP Telephony Internet

Full mobility Full roaming All over the world POMS IP Telephony Internet

WiMAX Standards Roadmap

802.16e
Some Mobility 2005 ?

802.16d 802.16a
2 11 GHz NLOS Jan 2003 Similar to .16a Errata Jul 2004

802.16
10 66 GHz LOS Sep 2000 NOTE: IEEE 802.16 specifies only layer 1 & 2

802.16 for Broadband Wireless Access

DSL complement
DSL is not available, e.g. poor copper infrastructure DSL OPEX too high, e.g. low population density Central Office is too far away for DSL CLEC bypassing incumbent

802.16

DSL competition
If DSL is available, hard to beat

WiMAX segments, High level pros and cons

Backhaul, Fixed, point to point LOS
High Bitrate Low Interference Clear Signal No multipath fading Relatively Low Cost

DSL, Fixed up to portable, Point to point, point to multipoint NLOS

Relative high bitrate, but lower One cell Still relative cheap
Low to moderate interference-> Static radio environment

WAN and Mobile environment

Significantly lower bitrate High interference. More multipath fading and dopplershift effects

IEEE 802.16 Standard

WiMAX 802.16 Completed Spectrum Channel Conditions Bit Rate December 2001 10 - 66 GHz Line of Sight Only 32 134 Mbps in 28MHz channel bandwidth 802.16d/HiperMAN June 2004 (802.16d) < 11 GHz Non Line of Sight Up to 75 Mbps in 20MHz channel bandwidth 802.16e Estimate 2005 < 6 GHz Non Line of Sight Up to 15 Mbps in 5MHz channel bandwidth

Modulation

QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM

Fixed 20, 25 and 28 MHz

OFDM 256 FFT QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Fixed 1.75 to 20 MHz

Scalable OFDMA 128 to 2048 FFT

Portable 1.75 to 20 MHz

Mobility Channel Bandwidths

WIMAX Features
Feature 256 point FFT OFDM waveform Adaptive Modulation and variable error correction encoding per RF burst TDD and FDD duplexing support Flexible Channel sizes (such as 3.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and so on) Designed to support smart antenna systems Benefit Built in support for addressing multipath in outdoor LOS and NLOS environments Ensures a robust RF link while maximizing the number of bits/second for each subscriber unit Address varying worldwide regulations where one or both may be allowed Provides the flexibility necessary to operate in many different frequency bands with varying channel requirements around the world Smart antennas are fast becoming more affordable, and as these costs come down their ability to suppress interference and increase system gain will become important to BWA deployments

WiMAX Modulation and Coding

The further the subscriber is from the base station, the greater the likelihood of a lower form of modulation and a higher amount of coding and thus a lower bit-rate

Fit with Other Technologies

Whether 802.16a will complement or clash with certain other technologies remains to be seen. For a while, at least, it will certainly be complementary to 802.11a, enabling Wi-Fi users to dramatically extend their distance from wired networks.

Theoretical WiMAX Raw Bandwidth (Mbit/s)*

Modulation / Code rate 1,75 MHz QPSK 1/2 QPSK 3/4 16 QAM 1/2 16 QAM 3/4 64 QAM 2/3 64 QAM 3/4 1.45 2.18 2.91 4.36 5.82 6.55

3,5 MHz

2.91

4.36

5.82

8.73

11.64

13.09

7,0MHz

5.82

8.73

11.64

17.45

23.27

26.18

14,0 MHz

11.64

17.45

23.27

34.91

46.55

52.36

20,0 MHz

16.26

24.40

32.53

48.79

65.05

73.19

*OFDM 256 FFT. Includes MAC and preamble overhead

Theoretical Coverage (Km)*

Type of Area Rooftop Antenna <20 Km using NLOS** Window/Fixed Antenna <8 Km Indoor/Portable Antenna <4 Km

Rural

Suburban

N/A

<4 Km

<2 Km

Urban

N/A

<2 Km

<1 Km

*Approximate distances only, depends heavily on geographical area **<50 Km is the theoretical maximum for LOS. Assumption is a NLOS base station and a rooftop antenna for better reception and maximum uplink power

Portability (Mobility) in 802.16e New network reference model

New BS-BS interface (IB) and BS-server interface (A) defined Authentication and service authorization (ASA) servers provide authorization, authentication, billing, management, provisioning and other services. EAP is defined for SIM cards, and other means of Authentication.

Enhancements for mobility in 802.16e Layer 2

Handover (HO) process defined in MAC including cell reselection target BS scanning network re-entry HO decision and initiation and HO cancellation. MAC messages for each of the handover functions defined. Broadcast paging message defined. Neighbor topology advertisement messages defined. Option of using mobile IP provided. To be defined in May-05. WG active. Full QoS supported. All four GSM/WCDMA classes.

Enhancements for mobility in 802.16e Layer 1

Sleep mode, paging enabled. Fast time alignment (ranging) mechanism Flexible FFT sizes depending on channel bandwidth to ensure OFDM symbol duration is compatible with mobility requirements Soft handover, i.e., transmit/receive from multiple BS Fast channel feedback Fast BSS handover involving maintenance of sync to multiple BS while transmitting/receiving from anchor BS New MIMO, STC modes MIMO soft-handoff based macro-diversity transmission Space-time codes for 3 antenna configurations. Fixed version has 2 and 4 antenna modes.

some differences
MAC
802.11: Contention-based MAC (CSMA/CA), basically wireless Ethernet. 802.16: Dynamic TDMA-based MAC with on-demand bandwidth allocation. 802.11a: 64 FTTs 802.16d: 256 FFTs 802.11: limited channels in Un-license spectrum 802.16: multiple channels in licensed & Un-license spectrum

OFDM

Spectrum

Comparison 802.11 and 802.16

Technology 802.11 Range Coverage Data rate < 300 feet Optimized for indoor short range 2.7 bps/Hz peak. <= 54Mbps in 20MHz 802.16 < 30 Mile ( typical 3~4) Outdoor LOS & NLOS 5bps/Hz peak, <100Mbps in 20 MHz

Scalability 1-10 CPE CSMA/CA

QOS No QOS

1- hundreds CPE TDMA

On demand BW voice Video, data

Broadband Wireless systems

WiMAX
Wireless Broadband Laptop centric Fixed Portability Line-of-Sight & Non Line-of-Sight IEEE Layer 1 & 2 standard Data optimized Optimized for Fixed High data rate Evolution towards mobility
Drivers: Data optimized network (simple) DSL complement

3G Evolved
Mobile Broadband Phone & laptop Full mobility Non line-of-sight 3GPP and 3GPP2 standard Voice/data optimized Optimized for Mobility Evolution towards Higher Data Drivers: Mobile Broadband for incremental investment National & global roaming networks

Peak Bit Rates Comparison

Standards compliant Channel Bandwidth FDD/TDD Peak bit-rate DL Peak Bit-rate UL

GSM/GPRS

EDGE

200KHz

FDD FDD FDD/TDD

160 kbps 480 kbps 2 Mbps 14.4 Mbps 640 kbps 3.1 Mbps 3.1 Mbps - 75 Mbps 3.2 Mbps

160 kbps 480 kbps 2 Mbps 7.68 Mbps 450 kbps 1.8 Mbps 1.8 Mbps - 75 Mbps 900 kbps

3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP2 3GPP2 3GPP2 IEEE

WCDMA HSDPA

5Mhz

FDD FDD

CDMA2000 1x 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV

1.25 MHz

FDD FDD

IEEE 802.16d

-20 MHz

FDD/TDD FDD

Flarion

1.25 MHz

 Propagation difference between 1900MHz and other frequencies ( H-O Model) 2100MHz ( Delta = 1.1dB) 2400MHz ( Delta = 2.6dB) 3500MHz ( Delta = 7dB) 850 MHz ( Delta = -12 dB)

WiMAX Evolution for 802.16 and Usage Scenarios

Scalable OFDMA 802.16e

OFDM-256 802.16-2004, 802.16e

Indoor/Outdoor modems Residential Gateways Portable Indoor/Outdoor modems Laptops Laptops PDAs

Fixed Access
Indoor / Outdoor DSL like service Service limited to installed area Device authentication and authorization only VoIP application supported

Nomadicity

Portability
User authentication Stationary or limited mobility Break-before-make BS handovers QoS degradation during handovers (no VoIP) Multi-operator roaming Interworking w/o seamless handovers VoIP application

Full Mobility

DSL like service from different points of attachment Stationary usage: no BS handovers User Authentication Multi-operator roaming

Optimized Make-beforebreak handovers (latency, QoS, data loss) Interworking w/ seamless handovers (session continuity) Optimized low-power operation VoIP service, IMS

Market Evolution: Standard & Chipset Availability

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Approved 07/04

IEEE 802.16d Air I/F Fixed BWA

Approval 05/05 Corrigenda (TGh) WiMAX 1st certificate 07/05

Chipset for Indoor-outdoor CPE

IEEE 802.16e Air I/F Fixed & Mobile BWA

Approval 07/05

Approval 05/06 Corrigenda (TGh)

Possible delay
Adds: primitives for handover standard procedure for AAA

Chipset for PCMCIA No handover Chipset for Centrino Handset

Intel is the main driver for WIMAX: Integration in Centrino is the disruptive goal Present Focus is 802.16d for fixed wireless access (OFDM256 mode) Next Step will be IEEE802.16e standard Evolution towards portable/mobile application will follow

WiMAX Positioning: Capacity and User type

User Data Rate
50 Mbps 20 Mbps

10 Mbps 5 Mbps 2 Mbps 500 kbps 128 kbps 56 kbps

Residential

SOHO

3G / WLAN Small Business Small HS Medium Business

Multi-tenant 3G / WLAN Building Cellular Large HS Backhaul

Large Business

WiMAX Positioning: Capacity and Mobility

Wireless Technology Positioning
Mobility / Range
High Speed

Vehicle

Vehicular Rural Vehicular Urban

Flash-OFDM GSM GPRS WiMAX for wireless-DSL UMTS with limited mobility HSDPA
IEEE 802.16e

Walk

Pedestrian Nomadic Fixed urban

EDGE

Fixed

Indoor Personal Area

DECT
Bluetooth

WLAN IEEE (IEEE 802.11x) 802.16d

Data rates 100 Mbps

0.1

10

WiMAX Positioning: Wireless Technology Comparision

WiMAX
Large Coverage Network Simplicity

WiFi
Broad Band

Full Mobility

Security

QoS

3G /HSDPA

WiMAX applications in 2005 Fixed Services IEEE 802.16-2004

WiFi

Mobile PC/PAD Business, SME, SOHO Access

WiMAX Base Station

Nomadic PC Residential Fixed WDSL BB Access

NB or BTS

Campus Airport

WiFi-Hotspot Feeding

2G/3G Feeding

Hot Zones

WiMAX applications starting from 2006-2007 Nomadicity, Solutions for Laptops (PCMCIA)

WiFi

Mobile PC/PAD Business, SME, SOHO Access

WiMAX Base Station

IEEE 802.16-2004 & IEEE 802.16e

Nomadic PC Residential Fixed WDSL BB Access

NB or BTS

Campus Airport

WiFi-Hotspot Feeding

2G/3G Feeding

Hot Zones

WiMAX applications in 2007-2008 Fully Mobile, Integrated Solutions in Laptops and PAD
IEEE 802.16e
WiFi

Mobile PC/PAD Business, SME, SOHO Access

WiMAX Base Station

Portable PC Residential Fixed WDSL BB Access

NB or BTS

Campus Airport

WiFi-Hotspot Feeding

2G/3G Feeding

Hot Zones

Content
WiMAX Standartisation and Frequency Allocation WiMAX Positioning and Applications WiMAX Market SkyMAX Siemens WiMAX Product

WiMAX Positioning: The Trade Off Between Mobility & Bandwidth

Price Elasticity of BWA Market Market Price of 1GB
1 Dimensional Market:

New market Opportunity!

1 Dimensional Market:

Mobile Data

Price GAP to be filled!

Fixed Broadband

Data Volume Usage

Tomorrow
BWA = Selling on Bandwidth and Mobility (Roaming, Coverage, Hand over)

Market Regional Split

3,000 2,400
Asia Pacific

WiMAX equipment incl. CPE (per region) Optimistic Case

1,800

Middle East Africa Eastern Europe Western Europe Latin America North America

1,200

600

3,000

(pure nomadic and mixed BWA/nomadic)

0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2,400
Asia Pacific

mill. Euro

1,800

Middle East Africa Eastern Europe Western Europe Latin America North America

WiMAX equipment incl. CPE (per region) Target Case

1,200

600

Note: no PCMCIA card is included

0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Content
WiMAX Standartisation and Frequency Allocation WiMAX Positioning and Applications WiMAX Market SkyMAX Siemens WiMAX Product

Siemens SkyMAX A complete product portfolio

SkyMAX Residential SkyMAX Base Station Modem SkyMAX Business Modem SkyMAX Portable Modem Management System

Network Planning

SkyMAX Forerunner in the WiMAX Arena SkyMAX BaseStation

Flexible and Reliable Channel Size Software Configurable up to 14MHz FDD and TDD Duplex scheme Carrier-Grade redundancy

Future Proof Platform Software upgradeable to IEEE802.16e SOFDMA (Scalable OFDM Access)

Highest Range Highest range, High Power system Subchanneling and RX Diversity (in one ODU)

Scalable High Scalability Pay as you grow Triple Play services with guaranteed QoS

SkyMAX Forerunner in the WiMAX Arena SkyMAX CPE HighLights

ST Residential Models ST Residential Modem Fully indoor mounting: desktop, window or external antenna Ethernet 10/100 BaseT interface (RJ45) Ethernet bridge networking concept QoS based on 802.1p or IP DSCP field Nomadic version (battery, SIM cardholder) foreseen ST Residential Multi-User Fully indoor mounting: desktop, window or external antenna 4x Ethernet 10/100 BaseT interface (RJ45) 2x POTS interface (RJ11) for voice transport (SIP/H.323) Optional WiFi access point QoS based on 802.1p or IP DSCP field DHCP Server/Relay Agent

ST Business Modem ST Business Modem provides cost efficient broadband wireless access to SME/SOHO customers. Fully outdoor device attached to high-gain directional antenna. Indoor part is simply a connector box 10/100BaseT (RJ 45). E1 interface (optional) for TDM services Ethernet connectivity for compatibility with all types of subscriber LAN equipment. Ethernet bridge networking concept, QoS based on 802.1p or IP DSCP filed NAPT and DHCP Server / Relay functionalities for local network management. Multi-level QoS and SLA support. Remote configuration and management

SkyMAX Business

SkyMAX Forerunner in the WiMAX Arena Fixed BWA Reference Architecture

Data
SkyMAX Residential CPE

Back-end

User DB

CRM Billing

Server Farm

WIP
End User
SkyMAX Business CPE

Public Internet

Access Gateway

IP Managed Network
Voice Gateway

Voice Video Data

GbE

PSTN

End Users

SkyMAX Basestation

User Equipment and

WiMAX (SkyMAX) Radio Access: BS and CPE

Applications

Backhauling and Integration in Back-end (e.g user Authentication charging/billing)

Core Network

Highlight
What is WiMAX? (or Mobile WiMAX more precisely)
WiMAX is a marketing term, a certification body, or an industry ad-hoc forum to complete IEEE 802.16 standard (marketing, regulatory, interoperability, test, certification, and high level protocol) IEEE 802.16 also known as BWA or WirelessMAN WiFi IEEE 802.11 (WirelessLAN) = WiMAX IEEE 802.16 OFDM? CDMA? Why chose such topic?
mobility extension started in late 2002 WiMAX is recognized as one of the new competitions to CDMA based 3G Other competitions are proprietary technologies, WiFi, Mesh, or IEEE 802.20

Can WiMAX be 4G or Never?

OFDM/OFDMA based broadband mobile is recognized as 4G (beyond 3G) This presentation shares our story

 Broadband Access is a merging process

Drivers from Two Worlds

Legacy Cellular, led by 3GPP and 3GPP2, extends bandwidth to support broadband data services, especially in IP format. Fixed Wireless, led by IEEE, enhances techniques to support mobility. 3GPP (UMTS/WCDMA) and 3GPP2(CDMA2000) started from ITU IMT-2000.
1 Billion Subscriber 300 Million Subscriber

Market Size

Broadband Mobile Access

1 Billion Users 200 Million Users

Data Cellular

Internet
1998

2010

Migration of WiMAX
Data Rate
SOC Available Standard Maturing

Standard Maturing Fixed WiMAX IEEE 802.16d 2005 Portable WiMAX Nomadic WiMAX IEEE 802.16d/e 2006? Mobile WiMAX IEEE 802.16e 2007?

Mobility

802.16e Compatibility with 16d

802.16e is the mobile extension from 802.16

Modification in PHY from OFDM to Scalable OFDMA Modification in MAC for security, handoff, roaming, & resource management Convergence Sub Layer
IP Ethernet ATM Packet Classifier Header Suppression

MAC Layer
Net Entry PDU Generation PHY Burst Scheduling PDU Reassembly Security/Privacy Key, AES, EAP Connection Management Handoff Bandwidth Management Power Mgnt Sleep/Idle

ARQ

PHY Layer
SC 10-66GHz 802.16d SCa 2-11GHz OFDM 2-11GHz 256FFT 802.16e OFDMA OFDMA 2-11GHz (PAR <6GHz) 128, 256, 512,1024, 2048 2-11GHz 2048FFT

WiMAX

Players in WiMAX Forum

WiMAX SOC/System Pairs (examples)

Intel Proxim, Alvarion, ZTE, Alcatel, Fujitsu WiLAN, Aperto Wavesat ATMEL LG Nortel and more

WiMAX Forum has >200 members

Marketing, technical, interoperability and spectrum

Alliance
Fixed/Nomadic Portable/Mobile

IEEE802.16 2004 and TGe

Air Interface standard

And a lot more..

A Million Dollar Question

Can WiMAX (16e) be the broadband candidate after 3G? WiMAX brings higher throughput and longer range, it is a growing threat to the deployment of 3G and the promised ROI in every 3G business model or just an idea that sounds great but never comes true? WiMAX inherits issues of 3G and has even more challenges in spectrum, the following presentation provides a balanced view

Advantages in Multipath

OFDMA carries advantages in Multipath

CDMA uses the whole spectrum, wasting system resource to combat frequency selective fading. CDMA also creates worse interference problem OFDMA only select subcarriers with less channel degradation, prevent wasting system resource (power or throughput ) => achieving higher system capacity.

Multipath

Signal Sent

Signal Received

Spectral Efficiency Wins

Spectrum efficiency is an important factor for data service
The scarce of available (or useful) spectrum makes efficiency a key factor to approve spectrum and the success of business model. Regulatory bodies shall recycle spectrum for existing systems with low spectral efficiency. Future systems with high spectrum re-use advantages or higher spectral efficiency shall have favored allocation during application.

2.5G TDMA: Very limited data rate and low spectral efficiency (1.0-1.5 bps/Hz)
500kHz

3G WCDMA: Reasonable data rate, range, and mobility, improved spectral efficiency (1.5-2.5 bps/Hz)
5MHz

WiFi: OFDM 64FFT, Reasonable data rate, limited range and mobility, improved spectral efficiency (2-3 bps/Hz)

15 MHz

WiMAX:OFDMA, Up to 2048FFT much improved range and mobility, potential for best spectral efficiency (3-4 bps/Hz)

20 MHz

Global Harmonization
WiMAX has global harmonization WiMAX forum pushes harmonization between IEEE and ETSI; there is only one WiMAX standard (ETSI has not fully adopted Mobile WiMAX yet) WiMAX share one MAC for all, fixed, portable, and mobile 3G breaks into WCDMA (3GPP), CDMA2000 (3GPP2), and more Among WCDMA, venders has their own proprietary modes. China has TDS-CDMA, US has UWC-136, and Japan has DoCoMo 3G

WCDMA

CDMA2000

Local Optimization is Better

Future terminal can handover among multiple standards

Thanks to high integration of silicon, dual-/tri- mode terminals are practical. Each standard is optimized for a specific environment, saving resource. Avoid sacrificing power to support indoor users.
WiFi

WiMAX

802.11 covers indoor users 802.16d covers fixed outdoor 802.16e covers moving vehicles

VoIP Changes Telecomm

VoIP changes everything !
The growing popularity of VoIP triggers the demand for IP based access and changes the landscape of telecomm 3G products are compatible with traditional circuit based PSTN and PSMN, while 4G may only need to support VoIP with gateway and gatekeeper separately purchase
POTS Phones Cellular Phones

Circuit Based Voice Network (PSTN)

Circ u Con it based nect ions

Circuit Based Cellular Network (PSMN)

VoIP To PSTN Gateway VoIP Fixed Phones

IP Based Voice Network

VoIP to PSMN Gateway

POTS Phones VoIP Terminal VoIP Mobile Phones

PC to Phones

Regulatory Difficulty
VoIP over WiMAX has no obligation to secure QoS
From architecture point of View VoIP challenges Traditional Telecom Regulatory Model. Is it an application or a telecomm service? When voice is no longer consider as telecommunication service, it is not bounded for availability, emergency service (911), or voice quality of service It is a pure low cost application, Voice Application not a telecom service
Application

VoIP Can Not Address:

TCP/IP

TCP/IP

99.999% availability The high quality of voice support as 3G The same level of robustness as circuit The same level of QoS as circuit

Voice Transport

Voice Transport

Transport

 Battery Life Challenge

Power and RF Constraint

WiMAX standard was targeted to long range (high power), fixed (non-battery based), or portability (recharged daily), not mobility. Higher data rate demands higher power transmission; battery technology show difficulty to catch up with the such demand. Power consumption of WiMAX device could be a major problem.

802.16s Effort in Power/RF

OFDM Symbol Power

Peak Power

Power-Saving mode and Scalable OFDMA are added to 802.16e But higher FFT has more severe PAPR (peak to average power ratio) Challenge the RF design for WiMAX

Average Power

Guard Interval IFFT Symbol Duration

Time

 High Layer mobility is a challenge

Hi Layer Protocol Integration

IEEE 802.16 by its mandate (PAR) only defines protocol stacks in the PHY and MAC layer, 802.16e defines mobility support for MAC and PHY only Lack of network layer mobility completion

WiMAX Forum is supposed to cover network mobility, but

WiMAX forum has weak experience in end-to-end protocol stack development WiMAX is a pure industry ad-hoc group, like WiFi, which may not be the appropriate place to deal with Network Mobility standards Integration with legacy network requires support from the carriers
APPLICATION WiMAX Based Network 3G Based Network

WiMAX MAC/PHY

WiMAX/3G Dual MAC/PHY

3G MAC/PHY

Market takes time!

Market & Time Competition WiMAX has risks too!

Mobile WiMAX market is squeezed by both 3G, Flash OFDM, and WiFi. 802.11e, 11r, and 11n are enhancing QoS, handover, and throughput. HSDPA (of 3G) shorten the gap with WiMAX in throughput. Flash OFDM (by Flarion) has demonstrated end-to-end solution.
WiMAX Marketing Guy

Markets takes time to mature; most new services will follow the letter N curve as below Fixed WiMAX technology is far from mass adoption, mobile WiMAX would take even longer
Steady Growth

Disappointment

Rebuild Business Model Marketing Hype

Global Spectrum Availability

Lack of Spectrum
most licensed spectrum for broadband are either for fix services or for 3G; hard to use license-exempt band to provide QoS guarantee mobile services WiMAX Forum is working on regulatory drawbacks, but progress is slow

Global Spectrum Availability

2.4 - 2.485 GHz (WLAN, Indoor Only)

3.5GHz (WLL) License bands

5.725 - 5.825 GHz (U-NII) or 5.725-5.850 GHz (ISM)

5.4 - 5.725 GHz (RLAN, Europe)

2.5-2.6GHz MDS, MMDS License bands )

5.25 - 5.35 GHz (U-NII, Outdoor/Indoor)

Back to Square One

Recent Trend in IEEE Standard Body
More members notice the challenge of WiMAX for 4G, and recognize the value to demonstrate success of WiMAX first in Fix services, shown below. Progress in maintenance group is slow Worst case, WiMAX is back to square one (day one) as a pure fix standard!

Back to Square One

BeyondSpot White Papers

BeyondSpot Offers White Papers for Selected Customers
Fixed wireless based WiMAX and QoS Please find me to exchange business cards

Conclusions
Most information on WiMAX comes from press releases or the campaign of WiMAX forum, not balanced. It is equally important to see through the marketing smoke and understand the real challenges. We provide view points from both ends; Almost equal weight in YES and NO to become 4G by (Mobile) WiMAX. Service providers should not make investment decision without knowing the risks; But can not afford not to know about WiMAX.

Opportunity of WiMAX for 4G

WiMAX is a worth watching topic !

Yes

No

802.16 Standards Genealogy

802.16 (Dec 2001) 1066 GHz LOS Feeding <11 GHz NLOS FWA

802.16a (Jan 2003)

802.16-2004 (June 2004) Interoperable subset 802.16e (end 2005)

802.16d Address errata of 16 & 16a 1st WiMAX cert. products

2-6 GHz Portability / mobility

Broadband everywhere
Wireless Broadband vs Mobile Broadband
Wireless Broadband
Mobile Broadband

Optimised for fixed or nomadic usage

Optimised for full mobility Builds on existing 2G/3G mobile networks Global roaming Nationwide coverage

DSL complement & expand reach of fixed broadband

Optimised for data
(Also called BWA (Broadband Wireless Access))

Different starting points, different uses

Regional WIMAX activity

WIMAX Announcements by Region 2002 - April 2005 25 20

Frequency

15 10 5 0

APAC

CEMA

WE

NA

LA
WIMAX Announcements by Region 2002 to 2005 September 30

Frequency

APAC and CEMA are the most active regions. In CEMA region Africa is significantly dominating its presence of activity Activities increase moderately in APAC while the increase in CEMA is almost exclusive driven by Africa. Remaining regions remained immaterially changed in terms of level of activity.

25 20

15
10

5
0 APAC CEMA WE NA LA

The Public Ethernet Network

Business: Transparent LAN and legacy datacom services Business/Residential Ethernet DSL Access

Business/Residential Ethernet Fiber Access

IP DSLAM

Ethernet Switch

Appl. Content

Portals

Service Mgm

Infrastr.

Service Enablers

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

Business/Residential: WiMAX Wireless Access

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Aggregation and Transport

Ethernet Switch Ethernet Switch

PBN
BRAS

Self-Install (& Pro-Install) CPEs

AS.MAX Link Budgets are optimised to provide real indoor coverage for self-install CPE and portable devices whilst simultaneously supporting traditional professionally installed outdoor CPE
EasyST Self Install Indoor CPE for Wireless DSL & VoIP Services Tightly or Loosely Integrated VoIP Integrated WiFi AP Stackable units for service flexibility and easy expansion

ProST Professionally Installed Outdoor CPE for long-range Wireless DSL & VoIP Services plus high availability services.

Tightly or Loosely Integrated VoIP Integrated WiFi AP Support for Full E1/T1 Services Multi-Dwelling Solutions

WiMAX Radio Performance

Urban Deployment Scenario

High Density 3.5GHz Urban Wireless Broadband Network Deployment using self install Indoor CPE
HiperMAX deployed on high sites providing blanket cellular coverage MicroMAX strategically deployed on low sites for coverage in-fill
HiperMAX MicroMAX
IP POP

3.4km

800m

Non-LOS Cell Diameters

Rural Deployment Scenario

Low Density 3.5GHz Rural Wireless Broadband Network Deployment using self-install Indoor CPE + Professional install Outdoor CPE Single High Sited (40m) HiperMAX Base station serving Note: remote users HiperMAX High Site
High Sited MicroMAX gives ranges as follows:

Indoor CPE = 740m Outdoor CPE = 5.4km

All ranges for non-LOS

HiperMAX to Indoor CPE = 2.5km

HiperMAX to Outdoor CPE = >10km

Conclusion

Ericsson as a WiMAX vendor

Ericsson is a complete end-to-end solution provider Always Best Connected: Access to IMS and service network via multiple access technologies Ericsson delivers end user CPE, Access nodes, Transport, Access Edge (MGw), IP Core, IMS and service layer A future-proof solution is assured by a supplier that drives both the technology and standardization Ericsson is a leading global Wireless infrastructure vendor Thousands of Engineers designing radio networks for all conditions around the world Ericssons wireless expertise in designing and deploying large radio networks is unsurpassed

The business challengenew revenues and lower costs

New revenues and business growth

Revenue

Profit
Cost
Network modernisation & cost-efficiency

Time

Ericsson multi-service network vision