High Speed Downlink Packet Access : Overview on Layer 2

Radio Interface Protocol Architecture

GC Nt DC Duplication avoidance GC C-plane signalling Nt DC UuS boundary U-plane information

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Layer 1 (L1)
Physical

Layer 2 (L2)
Medium Access Control Radio Link Control Broadcast/Multicast Control Packet Data Convergence Protocol

RRC

control

L3
Radio Bearers PDCP PDCP

control

control

control control

L2/PDCP
BMC

L2/BMC

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC

RLC

Layer 3 (L3)
L2/RLC

Radio Resource Control

Logical Channels MAC

MAC interfaces to:

L1, RLC, RRC layers

L2/MAC
Transport Channels

PHY

L1

Without HSDPA
PDCP RLC MAC PHY UE PHY Node B RNC PDCP RLC MAC

With HSDPA
PDCP PDCP RLC MAC MAC-hs PHY Node B RNC

RLC
MAC MAC-hs PHY UE

Traffic Related Architecture UTRAN Side

MAC Control

PCCH BCCH CCCH

CTCH

SHCCH MAC Control

TDD only

MAC Control DCCH DTCH

DTCH

Configuration without MAC-c/sh Configuration with MAC-c/sh

MAC-d

MAC-hs

Configuration with MAC-c/sh

MAC-c/sh

HS-DSCH HS-DSCH Associated Downlink Signalling

Iub

PCH FACH FACH

RACH CPCH USCH USCH DSCH DSCH

FDD only TDD only TDD only

DCH Iur or local

DCH

Associated Uplink Signalling

MAC-d Flow
UE x RNC RLC
Logical Channels

UE y
RB m RB n

RB w RB zRB v

MAC -d

C/T Mux

Each HS-DSCH MAC-d flow is carried on a separate Iub/Iur transport bearer Each UE can have one or multiple MAC-d flow
MAC-d flow

FP Iub interface FP
MAC -hs
MAC -hs functionality
Transport Channels Transport bearer

Node B

MAC-hs Architecture UTRAN Side

MAC-d flows MAC-hs Scheduling/Priority handling
Priority Queue distribution Priority Queue distribution

Priority Queue

Priority Queue

Priority Queue

Priority Queue

MAC Control

HARQ entity

TFRC selection

Associated Uplink Signalling

HS-DSCH

Associated Downlink Signalling

MAC-hs Functions UTRAN Side

MAC-d flow Flow Control MAC-hs Flow Control

Flow control
MAC-c/sh and MAC-d entities provide a controlled data flow Intended to reduce discarded/retransmitte d data due to congestion

Scheduling/Priority handling Priority Queue distribution Priority Priority Queue Queue Priority Queue distribution Priority Priority Queue Queue

HARQ entity TFRC selection

Associated UL Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated DL Signaling

MAC-hs Functions UTRAN Side

MAC-d flow
MAC-hs Scheduling/Priority handling Priority Queue distribution Priority Priority Queue Queue Priority Queue distribution Priority Priority Queue Queue

Scheduling/Priority Handling
Managing of HS-DSCH resources and data flows according to priority Either new transmission or retransmission is determined based on status reports from the associated uplink signaling It determines the Queue ID and TSN for each new MAC-hs PDU

HARQ entity TFRC selection

Associated UL Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated DL Signaling

MAC-hs Functions UTRAN Side

MAC-d flow
MAC-hs Scheduling/Priority handling Priority Queue distribution Priority Priority Queue Queue Priority Queue distribution Priority Priority Queue Queue

HARQ entity
One HARQ entity handles HARQ functionalities for one user One HARQ entity is capable of supporting multiple HARQ processes of stop-and-wait HARQ protocols

HARQ entity TFRC selection

Associated UL Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated DL Signaling

MAC-hs Functions UTRAN Side

MAC-d flow
MAC-hs Scheduling/Priority handling Priority Queue distribution Priority Priority Queue Queue Priority Queue distribution Priority Priority Queue Queue

TFRC selection
Selection of an appropriate transport format and resource
Channelization code set, modulation scheme, etc.

HARQ entity TFRC selection

Associated UL Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated DL Signaling

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MAC-hs Architecture UE Side

To MAC-d MAC-hs
Disassembly Reordering Disassembly Reordering

MAC Control

Re-ordering queue distribution

HARQ

HS-DSCH Associated Downlink Signalling Associated Uplink Signalling

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MAC-hs Functions UE Side

HARQ
MAC-d flow MAC-hs Disassembly Disassembly

Handling of the tasks required for hybrid ARQ, e.g.,:

Handling of the Process ID and the New Data Indicator Delivering of the decoded MAC-hs PDU to the reordering entity Generates ACKs or NACKs

Reordering

Reordering

Re-ordering queue distribution

HARQ

Associated UL Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated DL Signaling

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MAC-hs Functions UE Side

Reordering Queue distribution
Routing of the MAC-hs PDUs to the correct reordering buffer based on the Queue ID

MAC-d flow MAC-hs Disassembly Disassembly

Reordering

Reordering

Re-ordering queue distribution

HARQ

Associated UL Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated DL Signaling

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MAC-hs Functions UE Side

Reordering
MAC-d flow MAC-hs Disassembly Disassembly

Reordering

Reordering

Re-ordering queue distribution

There is one reordering entity per Queue ID Reordering of received MAC-hs PDUs according to the TSN MAC-hs PDUs with consecutive TSNs are delivered to the disassembly function

HARQ

Associated UL Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated DL Signaling

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MAC-hs Functions UE Side

Disassembly
MAC-d flow MAC-hs Disassembly Disassembly

Removing of the MAC-hs header and any padding bits Extraction of MAC-d PDUs

Reordering

Reordering

Re-ordering queue distribution

HARQ

Associated UL Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated DL Signaling

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Logical channel

RLC PDU

MAC-d MAC-d flow MAC-hs Scheduling/Priority handling Priority Queue Priority Queue distribution distribution Priority Priority Queue Queue Priority Priority Queue Queue

C/T

MAC SDU

HARQ entity TFRC selection

Associated UL Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated DL Signaling

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Logical channel

Scheduling: CQI analysis

MAC-d

Priority handling Re-ordering Queue selection

MAC-d flow MAC-hs Scheduling/Priority handling

Priority Queue distribution Priority Queue distribution

HARQ process RV selection TFRC selection CQI analysis Priority handling

VF Queue ID TSN SID1 N1 F1 SID2 N2 F2 SIDk Nk Fk

`Priority Priority Queue Queue

Priority Priority Queue Queue

HARQ entity TFRC selection

Associated UL Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated DL Signaling
MAC-hs header MAC-hs SDU MAC-hs SDU MAC-hs payload Padding (opt)

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VF: Version Flag ( = 0 for R5)

No. of MAC-d PDUs

Flag ( =0 for next SID =1 for payload)

VF

Queue ID

TSN

SID1

N1

F1

SID2

N2

F2

SIDk

Nk

Fk

MAC-hs header

MAC-hs SDU

MAC-hs SDU MAC-hs payload

Padding (opt)

Transmission Sequence Number

SID: Size Index

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Logical channel

RLC PDU

MAC-d

MAC-d flow
MAC-hs Disassembly Disassembly

C/T

MAC SDU

Reordering

Reordering

Re-ordering queue distribution

HARQ

VF

Queue ID

TSN

SID1

N1

F1

SID2

N2

F2

SIDk

Nk

Fk

Associated UL Signaling

HS-DSCH

Associated DL Signaling
MAC-hs header MAC-hs SDU MAC-hs SDU MAC-hs payload Padding (opt)

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: scheduler

Scheduler: Network side
Schedules all UEs within a cell Distributes the MAC-hs SDUs to priority queues accordingly Determines the HARQ entity and the queue to be serviced Sets TSN for the MAC-hs PDU transferred from the selected queue Indicates the Queue ID and TSN to the HARQ entity Schedules a new transmission or a retransmission Determines a redundancy version and indicates to L1

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: HARQ entity

Network side
There is one HARQ entity per UE in UTRAN Sets the Queue ID and TSN in the MAC-hs PDUs Sets the HARQ process identifier and signals to L1

UE side
Processes HARQ process identifiers in received MAC-hs PDUs Each received MAC-hs PDU shall be allocated to the HARQ process indicated by the HARQ process identifier

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: HARQ process

Network side
Sets the New Data Indicator and signals to L1 Processes received status messages and deliver to the scheduler

UE side
Multiple HARQ processes are used parallel Each of them processes the New Data Indicator and the Queue ID of the corresponding MAC-hs PDU Depending on the situations, UE shall:
Generate an ACK/NACK signal Replace the data in the soft buffer with the received data Discard the received data or combine with the previous data Deliver the decoded MAC-hs PDU to the reordering entity

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: Reordering entity

Parameters
Transmitter window size (TRANSMIT_WINDOW_SIZE)
TRANSMIT_WINDOW_SIZE is the size of the transmitter window

Receiver window size (RECEIVE_WINDOW_SIZE)

RECEIVE_WINDOW_SIZE is the size of the receiver window

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: Reordering entity

State variables
next_expected_TSN
The TSN following the TSN of the last in-sequence MAC-hs PDU All received MAC-hs PDUs with consecutive TSNs from next_expected_TSN up to the first not received one are delivered to the disassembly entity

RcvWindow_UpperEdge
The RcvWindow_UpperEdge represents the TSN, which is at the upper edge of the receiver window. After the first MAC-hs PDU h as been received successfully, it also corresponds to the MAC-hs PDU with the highest TSN of all received MAC-hs PDUs. The initi al RcvWindow_UpperEdge equals 63

T1_TSN
The TSN of the latest MAC-hs PDU that cannot be delivered to the disassembly entity, i.e., T1_TSNnext_expected_TSN

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: Reordering entity

Timers
Re-ordering release timer (T1)
T1 controls the stall avoidance in the UE reordering buffer T1 starts when a MAC-hs PDU with TSN > next_expected_TSN is correctly received When T1 expires and T1_TSN>next_expected_TSN, some PDUs in the reordering buffer are delivered to the disassembly entity

Other definitions
Receiver window
Defines TSNs of those MAC-hs PDUs that can be received in the r eceiver without causing an advancement of the receiver window Size of the receiver window equals RECEIVE_WINDOW_SIZE Spans TSNs going from RcvWindow_UpperEdge RECEIVE_WI NDOW_SIZE + 1 to RcvWindow_UpperEdge included

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: Stall avoidance (T1)

Start of T1 timer
Node B

TSN=0 UE

TSN=1

TSN=2

TSN=3

NET = 1

NET = 2

NET = 2 T1_TSN = 3 Start T1 timer

Successful recovery
Node B

TSN=2

TSN=3

TSN=4

TSN=2

UE
NET = 2 T1_TSN = 3 Start T1 timer NET = 5 Deliver 2 ~ 4 to disassembly entity

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: Stall avoidance (T1)

Expiry of T1 timer
Node B

TSN=2 UE

TSN=3

TSN=4

TSN=5

TSN=9

T1 expires

NET = 2 T1_TSN = 3 Start T1 timer

NET = 2

NET = 2

NET = 2

NET = 10 Deliver 3 ~ 9 to disassembly entity

Expiry of T1 timer
Node B

TSN=2 UE

TSN=3 TSN=4

TSN=5 TSN=6

TSN=7

TSN=8

T1 expires

NET = 2 T1_TSN = 3 Start T1 timer

NET = 2

NET = 2

NET = 2

NET = 6 / T1_TSN = 8 Deliver 3 ~ 5 to disassembly entity

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: Stall avoidance (window)

Assumption:
RECEIVE_WINDOW_SIZE = 10 NET : NEXT EXPECTED TSN UE : RcvWindow_Upper_Edge

Node B

TSN=1 TSN=3 TSN=0 TSN=2

TSN=5 TSN=4

TSN=9 TSN=15 TSN=11 TSN=8 TSN=10 TSN=14

UE

15 10 8 4 3 NET = 2 UE = 8 8 4 3 NET = 2 UE = 10 10 8 4 3 NET = 2 UE = 15 15 10 8 7 6 Deliver 3~5 NET = 6 UE = 15 15 10 Deliver 6~8 NET = 9 UE = 15

3 NET = 2 UE = 3

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: Buffer flush

In case a UE has insufficient memory to process a received MAC-hs PDU
select TSN_flush such that: next_expected_TSN < TSN_flush RcvWindow_UpperEdge + 1; deliver all correctly received MAC-hs PDUs with TSN < TSN_flush to the disassembly entity; if the MAC-hs PDU with TSN=TSN_flush has previously been received:
deliver all received MAC-hs PDUs with consecutive TSNs from TSN_flush (included) up to the first not received MAC-hs PDU to the disassembly entity; advance next_expected_TSN to the TSN of this first not received MAChs PDU.

else:
set next_expected_TSN to TSN_flush.
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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: Buffer flush

2<TSN_flush16 If TSN_flush = 7
15 10 8 4 3 NET = 2 UE = 15

Deliver 3~6 to diassembly entity Additionaly deliver 7 and 8 to diassembly entity NET = 9

If TSN_flush = 12
Deliver 3 ~ 11 to diassembly entity (9 and 11 cant be delivered) NET = 12

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: Disassembly entity

Disassembly entity
Remove any padding bits if present for each MAC-hs PDU Remove the MAC-hs header Deliver the MAC-d PDUs in the MAC-hs PDU to MAC-d

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: MAC-hs Reset

MAC-hs Reset
If requested by upper layers, the UE shall:
Flush soft buffers for HARQ processes and reordering buffers Initialize T1, TSN and other parameters Disassemble all MAC-hs PDUs and deliver to the MAC-d entity INDicate to all AM RLC entities

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Control of HS-DSCH TX/RX: Reconfiguration

Reconfiguration of MAC-hs parameters
The parameters for a MAC-hs entity may be reconfigured by upper layers

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