Hazardous Materials

Subpart H

Subpart H Hazardous Materials

101 Compressed gases (general

requirements) 102 Acetylene 103 Hydrogen 104 Oxygen 105 Nitrous oxide 106 Flammable and combustible liquids

Subpart H Hazardous Materials

107 Spray finishing using flammable and

combustible materials 109 Explosive and blasting agents 110 Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases 111 Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia

Subpart H Hazardous Materials

119 Process safety management of highly

hazardous chemicals 120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response 122 126 Dipping and coating operations

Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Introduction
The two primary hazards

associated with flammable and combustible liquids are explosion and fire Safe handling and storage of flammable liquids requires the use of approved equipment and practices per OSHA standards

Flash Point
Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a

liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture

The lower the flash point, the greater the hazard

Flammable liquids have flash points below 100oF May be ignited at room temperature Combustible liquids have flash points at or above 100oF Can pose serious fire and/or explosion hazards when heated

Classes of Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Flash Point (oF)

200

IIIA
140

II
100 73

Combustible (FP > 100oF)

IC IA IB

Flammable (FP < 100oF)

100 Boiling Point (oF)

Classes of Some Flammable Liquids

Common Name Flash Point (oF) -49

CLASS IA

Ethyl Ether

CLASS IB

Gasoline Methyl Ethyl Ketone

-45 21

Toluene

40

CLASS IC

Xylene

81-115

Turpentine

95

Flammable (Explosive) Limits

Program Components
A good plan for safe use of flammable and combustible liquids contains at least these components:

Control of ignition sources Proper storage Fire control Safe handling

Sources of Ignition
Must take adequate precautions to prevent ignition of flammable vapors. Some sources of ignition include: Open flames Smoking Static electricity Cutting and welding Hot surfaces Electrical and mechanical sparks Lightning

Static Electricity
Generated when a fluid flows through a

pipe or from an opening into a tank Main hazards are fire and explosion from sparks containing enough energy to ignite flammable vapors Bonding or grounding of flammable liquid containers is necessary to prevent static electricity from causing a spark

Bonding
Physically connect two

conductive objects together with a bond wire to eliminate a difference in static charge potential between them Must provide a bond wire between containers during flammable liquid filling operations, unless a metallic path between them is otherwise present

Grounding
Eliminates a difference in static

charge potential between conductive objects and ground Although bonding will eliminate a difference in potential between objects, it will not eliminate a difference in potential between these objects and earth unless one of the objects is connected to earth with a ground wire

Ventilation
Always provide adequate ventilation to reduce the potential for ignition of flammable vapors.

Storage Fundamentals
Identify incompatible chemicals check the Material

Safety Data Sheet Isolate and separate incompatible materials

Isolate by storing in another area or room Degree of isolation depends on quantities, chemical properties and packaging Separate by storing in same area or room, but apart from each other

Container and Portable Tank Storage

Flammable liquids Combustible liquids

Container Type

Class IA

Class IB

Class IC

Class II

Class III

Glass or approved plastic Metal (other than DOT drums) Safety cans Metal drums (DOT specs) Approved portable tanks

1 pt 1 gal 2 gal 60 gal 660 gal

1 qt 5 gal 5 gal 60 gal 660 gal

1 gal 5 gal 5 gal 60 gal 600 gal

1 gal 5 gal 5 gal 60 gal 660 gal

1 gal 5 gal 5 gal 60 gal 660 gal

Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Storage must not limit the use of

exits, stairways, or areas normally used for the safe egress of people In office occupancies: Storage prohibited except that which is required for maintenance and operation of equipment Storage must be in:

closed metal containers inside a storage cabinet, or safety cans, or an inside storage room

Inside storage room

Safety Cans for Storage and Transfer

Approved container of not

more than 5 gallons capacity Spring-closing lid and spout cover Safely relieves internal pressure when exposed to fire

Flame Arrester Screen

Prevents fire flashback into

can contents Double wire-mesh construction Large surface area provides rapid dissipation of heat from fire so that vapor temperature inside can remains below ignition point

Storage Cabinets
Not more than 60 gal of Class I and/or

Class II liquids, or not more than 120 gal of Class III liquids permitted in a cabinet Must be conspicuously labeled, Flammable - Keep Fire Away Doors on metal cabinets must have a three-point lock (top, side, and bottom), and the door sill must be raised at least 2 inches above the bottom of the cabinet

Fire Control
Suitable fire control devices, such as

small hose or portable fire extinguishers must be available where flammable or combustible liquids are stored Open flames and smoking must not be permitted in these storage areas Materials which react with water must not be stored in the same room with flammable or combustible liquids

Transferring Flammable Liquids

Since there is a sizeable risk whenever flammable liquids are handled, OSHA allows only four methods for transferring these materials: 1. Through a closed piping system

From safety cans 3. By gravity through an approved selfclosing safety faucet 4. By means of a safety pump
2.

Self-Closing Safety Faucet

Bonding wire

between drum and container Grounding wire between drum and ground Safety vent in drum

Safety Pump
Faster and safer than

using a faucet Spills less likely No separate safety vents in drum required Installed directly in drum bung opening Some pump hoses have integral bonding wires

Waste and Residue

Combustible waste and residue must be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal receptacles and disposed of daily.

Waste drum with disposal funnel

Safety disposal can

Oily-waste can (self-closing lid)

Safe Handling Fundamentals

Carefully read the manufacturers label on the flammable liquid

container before storing or using it Practice good housekeeping in flammable liquid storage areas Clean up spills immediately, then place the cleanup rags in a covered metal container Only use approved metal safety containers or original manufacturers container to store flammable liquids Keep the containers closed when not in use and store away from exits or passageways Use flammable liquids only where there is plenty of ventilation Keep flammable liquids away from ignition sources such as open flames, sparks, smoking, cutting, welding, etc.

Hazardous (Classified) Locations

Hazardous locations are classified in three

ways by the National Electric Code (NEC):

TYPE (Class) CONDITION (Division) NATURE.

TYPE - Class I Locations

Presence of flammable gases or vapors in

the air, in sufficient quantities to be explosive or ignitable.

Petroleum refineries Gasoline storage and dispensing areas Dry cleaning plants Spray finishing areas

Class I Locations
Gas or vapor hazardous locations require

special Class I hazardous location equipment.

Class II Locations
Areas made hazardous by the presence of

combustible dust.

Grain elevators Flour and feed mills Plants that manufacture, use or store magnesium or aluminum powders Plastics, medicines and fireworks producers Producers of starch or candies Spice grinding plants, sugar plants and cocoa plants

Class III Locations

Easily-ignitable fibers or flyings present, due

to the types of materials being handled, stored, or processed.

Textile mills cotton gins Cotton seed mills, flax processing plants Plants that shape, pulverize or cut wood and create sawdust or flyings

Class III Locations

Textile mills

cotton gins
Cotton seed mills, flax processing plants Plants that shape, pulverize or cut wood and

create sawdust or flyings

Hazardous Locations Conditions

The Code specifies that hazardous material

may exist in different kinds of conditions

DIVISION 1 - normal conditions DIVISION 2 - abnormal conditions.

Hazardous Location
Types of hazardous location:

Class I gas or vapor Class II dust Class III fibers and flyings
Division 1 normal conditions Division 2 abnormal conditions

Kinds of conditions:

Nature of Hazardous Substances

Class I locations are broken down into four

groups: A,B,C, and D. These materials are grouped according to the ignition temperature of the substance, its explosion pressure, and other flammable characteristics.

Nature of Hazardous Substances

Group A Acetylene - extremely high explosive pressure. Group B hydrogen and other materials with similar characteristics. Group C substances such ether. Group D most common flammable substances such as butane, gasoline, natural gas and propane.

Nature of Hazardous Substances

Class II dust locations contains the

hazardous materials in Groups:

Group E - metal dust Group F - materials such as carbon black, charcoal dust, coal dust and coke dust. Group G - grain dust, flour, starch, cocoa, and similar types of materials.

Hazardous (Classified) Locations

How would you classify a storage area where LP gas is contained in closed tanks?

Hazardous (Classified) Locations

Summary of Class I, II, III Hazardous Locations Classes
I Gases, vapors, and liquids

Groups
A: Acetylene B: Hydrogen, etc C: Ether, etc. D: Hydrogen, fuels, solvents, etc

Divisions
1
Normally explosive and hazardous

2
Not normally present in an explosive concentration (but may accidentally exist)

II

Dusts

E: Metal Dusts (conductive, and explosive) F: Carbon dusts (some are conductive, and all are explosive) Textiles, wood-working, etc. (easily ignitable, but not likely to be explosive)

Ignitable quantities of dust normally are or may be in suspension, or conductive may be present

Dust not normally suspended in an ignitable concentration (but may accidentally exist). Dust layers are present.

III Fibers and flyings

Handled or used in manufacturing

Stored or handled in storage (exclusive of manufacturing)

LP GAS CLASSIFICATION
Class I

gas or vapor
would only be in the atmosphere if an accidental rupture or leakage occurred fuel

Division 2

Group D

Summary
The two primary hazards associated with flammable

and combustible liquids are explosion and fire Safe handling and storage of flammable liquids requires the use of approved equipment and practices per OSHA standards An excellent reference on this topic is National Fire Protection Association Standard No. 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

Subpart H - Hazardous Materials (1910.101 - 126)

Compressed gases - Handling, storage and use

101(b)
Spray booth - Air velocity

208

Standard: 1910.

107(b)(5)(i)
Class I liquids - Dispensing

177

106(e)(6)(ii)
Spray area Cleaning

157

107(g)(2)
Spray area - Approved electrical wiring

150

107(c)(6)

150
45