Adi Hidayat
Why bother?
Journal papers are current Textbooks are often years out of date You can get enough details to replicate what you read about Adapt cutting edge ideas and techniques to your own research
Why bother?
Training of critical faculties You can see whether you agree with conclusions Because one day soon you could be writing papers too!
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Who were the authors ? Trusted? What questions does the paper address? Who were the subjects? How the data were collected? What sort of study : observations/experimental? What did they find? Conclusion consistent with result? Clinical implication?
Judul
Coffee consumption and risk of cardiovacsular diseases and all-cause mortality among men with type 2 diabetes. Weili Zhang, esther Lopez-Garcia, Tricia Y Li, Frank B.Hu, Ros van Dam. Diabetes Care 2009;32:1043-5.
Variabel bebas
Subjek penelitian
Variabel tergantung
Introduction
Coffee drinking is widespread across the world and has been linked with both beneficial and harmful effects on biological markers and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) Penulis menyadari masih Kontradiksi minum kopi dan CVD Masalah penelitian
Introduction
Therefore we prospectively examined the relationship between coffee and coronary heart disease, stroke and mortality among men with type 2 diabetes Tujuan penelitian dalam introduction Objective of the study
Research Methods
The Health Professional Follow up Study (HPFS) is a prospective cohort study, 3,497 men 45-75 years with type 2 diabetes in 1986. Coffee intake was assessed questionnaire 1986,90,94,98,2002. Rancangan Penelitian observasional
Subjek penelitian
Results
Stratified analysis showed no direct association between coffee consumption and CVD risk in any subgroups by risk factor status ( smoking, hypertension, parental history of CVD) Hasil penting penelitian baca di results
Conclusions
In this large prospective study higher habitual coffee consumption was not associated with a higher risk of CVD or all-cause mortality. Because coffee drinking is often an unhealthy habit, people developing hypertension quit or reduce consumption Kesimpulan Implikasi klinik
Masalah penelitian tersebut yang paling tepat dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut : E A. Kadar seng yang berkurang menimbulkan diare memanjang. B. Diare merupakan masalah kesehatan utama. C. Diare sebagai penyebab penting kematian anak batita D. Penatalaksanaan diare memanjang masih sangat sulit. E. Diare sebagai penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian anak batita
Tujuan penelitian tersebut yang paling tepat adalah : D A. Menilai kadar seng pada anak batita. B. Menilai pengaruh pemberian seng terhadap diare akut. C. Menilai cara seng dalam menurunkan insidens diare memanjang D. Menilai efek pemberian seng terhadap diare memanjang. E. Menilai efek protektif seng terhadap kejadian diare akut.
Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan penelitian tersebut adalah : C A. Cross-sectional. B. Case-control. C. Kohort D. Survei E. Eksperimental
Yang merupakan variabel tergantung adalah : D A. Pemberian seng B. Pemberian cairan rehidrasi oral C. Defisiensi seng D. Diare memanjang pada anak batita E. Ibu anak batita
Yang merupakan variabel bebas adalah : A A. Pemberian seng B. Pemberian cairan rehidrasi oral C. Defisiensi seng D. Diare memanjang E. Ibu anak batita
Subjek penelitian pada studi tersebut adalah : A. Kesakitan anak batita B. Kematian anak batita C. Anak batita D. Anak batita dengan diare akut E. Anak batita dengan diare memanjang
Daftar Pustaka
1. Bowers D, House A, Owens D. Understanding clinical papers. New York : John Wiley & Sons,Ltd;2003. 2. Dunifon R. How to read a research article. 2005. Available at : http:www.parenting.cit.cornell.edu. Accessed Sept 27,2009.
Daftar Pustaka
3. Purugganan M, Hewitt J. How to read a scientific article. 2004. Supported by the Cain Project for Engineering and Professional Communication. Rice University.