PRE TES ANATOMI I-3 Extrimitas Inferior

Laboratorium Anatomi PPD Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang 2006

1. Linea arcuata 2. facies symphisialis 3. facies auricularis ossis ilii 4. spina iliaca anterior superior 5. Incisura Ischiadica major 6. labium internum 7. Fossa acetabuli 8. tuberculum pubicum 9. distantia spinarum 10. Trochanter major 11. linea intertrochanterica 12. labium laterale 13. facies poplitea

14. epicondylus lateralis 15. Apex patellae 16. Tuberositas tibiae 17. Malleolus medialis 18. Apex capitis fibulae 19. facies posterior 20. Tuberositas ossis naviculare pedis 21. Os talus sinistra 22. Sulcus tali 23. Facies articularis calcanea anterior 24. sulcus tend. M. flexoris hallucis longi 25. os cuboidea sinistra

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21. Os? Dextra/sinistra?

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22

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Consisting of three fused bones, ilium, ischium, pubis Ilium

Hip bone

Body of ilium to form superior 2/5 of acetabulum Ala of ilium : iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine anterior inferior iliac spine, tubercle of iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine posterior inferior iliac spine, greater sciatic notch, gluteal surface iliac fossa, arcuate line, auricular surface, iliac tuberosity,

Ischium
Body of ischium to form posterior and inferior 2/5 of acetabulum, ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch Ramus of ischium , ischial tuberosity

Pubis
Body of pubis to form anterior and inferior 1/5 of acetabulum, iliopubic eminence

Superior ramus of pubis : pecten of pubis , pubic tubercle , pubic crest , symphysial surface Inferior ramus of pubis: obturator foramen

Acetabulum formed by bodies of ischium, ilium and pubis Lunate surface, acetabular fossa , acetabular notch

The Pelvis

Figure 5.23a

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide

Gender Differences of the Pelvis

Figure 5.23c
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.39

The Pelvic Girdle

Paired hip bones Os coxae or coxal bones Ilium Ischium Pubis Articulate w/each other in anterior midline Pubic symphysis

The Bony Pelvis

Pelvic girdle attaches to axial skeleton by some of the strongest ligaments in the body Sacrum and coccyx form part of pelvis

Pelvis

2 os coxae Sacrum Coccyx Features

Pelvic brim Pelvic inlet Pelvic outlet True/false pelves
http://www.boa.ac.uk/BOAimage_bank.htm

Functions of Pelvis

Attachment of lower limb to axial skeleton Support visceral organs Transmit weight of upper body
To limbs when upright To ischial tuberosities when sitting

http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/children/animals/pelvis.jpg

True vs. False Pelvis

True Lies below pelvic brim Contains colon, rectum, bladder, ovaries and uterus Limited inferiorly by pelvic diaphragm False Lies above pelvic brim/inlet Contains abdominal organs

Pelvic Diaphragm

Consists of levator ani and coccygeus muscles Seals opening of bony pelvis Supports pelvic organs Pierced by rectum, urethra, vagina

Articulations

Ilia
Articulate with sacrum

Hip
Acetabulum with head of femur

Pubic symphysis
R and L os coxae

Note: Bone features will be studied in lab

Femur

Upper end: femoral head, fovea of femoral head , neck of femur , greater trochanter lesser trochanter , intertrochanteric line , intertrochanteric crest Shaft: linea aspera , gluteal tuberosity , pectineal line popliteal surface Lower end: medial and lateral condyles medial and lateral epicondyles, adductor tubercle intercondylar fossa, patellar surface

Bones of the Lower Limbs

The thigh has one bone

Femur thigh bone

Figure 5.35a, b
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide

Fracture of the femoral neck

Bones of the Lower Limbs

The leg has two bones

Tibia Fibula

Figure 5.35c
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide

Tibia

Upper end: medial and lateral condyles , intercondylar eminence , fibular articular surface , tuberosity of tibia

Shaft: interosseous border , soleal line Lower end: fibular notch , medial malleolus

Fibula Upper end: fibular head ,

neck of fibula Shaft: interosseous border Lower end: lateral malleolus triangular sesamoid bone

Patella

Bones of the Lower Limbs

The foot
Tarsus ankle

Metatarsals sole Phalanges toes

Figure 5.25
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slide 5.41

Consist of seven short bones arranged in three row Posterior row talus , calcaneus Intermediate row navicular bone Anterior row medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms , cuboid bone

Tarsal bones

Consist of five elongated bones, numbered one to five medial to lateral Structure of each base (proximally), shaft, and head (distally) in each

Metatarsal bones

Phalanges of toes

Consist of 14two for first toe (hallux) and three for each of other four toes
trochlea of talus, calcaneal tuberosity , tuberosity of navicular bone , and tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone

Surface landmarks: