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15 / 22 Februari 2010
Sistem Komputer
Sistem Komputer
Hardware Software Brainware
System software
System software membantu menjalankan perangkat keras komputer dan sistem komputer. Termasuk diantaranya adalah : device drivers, diagnostic tools, operating systems, servers, utilities, windowing systems,
System software
Tujuan dari system software adalah agar pengguna tidak terlalu sibuk dengan detail yang harus dilakukan saat penggunaan hardware atau peralatan komputer.
Merupakan kumpulan dari sumber daya untuk memindahkan, menyimpan dan memproses data dan untuk mengendalikan fungsi-fungsi tersebut. Program yang sangat penting untuk menjalankan komputer. Setiap komputer yang general-purpose mempunyai sistem operasi untuk menjalankan program yang lainnya.
operating systems
Sistem Operasi
Sistem operasi menjalankan tugas dasar (basic tasks), seperti merecognize input dari keyboard, mengirimkan output ke layar display, keeping track berkas dan direktori pada disk, dan mengendalikan divais seperti disk drive dan printer.
operating systems
operating systems
Sistem Operasi
multi-user : Mengijinkan dua atau lebih user untuk menjalankan program pada saat yang sama. Beberapa sistem operasi mengijinkan ratusan, bahkan ribuan user yang concurrent.. multiprocessing : Mensupport menjalankan sebuah program pada lebih dari satu CPU. multitasking : Mengijinkan lebih dari satu program dijalankan secara concurret
Sistem Operasi
multithreading : Mengijinkan bagian yang terpisah dari program tunggal untuk dijalankan secara concurrent real time: Merespor pada input secara cepat.
Sistem Operasi
Termasuk dalam System software Sistem Operasi (OS) mengendalikan hampir semua fungsi yang ada pada komputer. Seluruh komputer mengandalkan sistem operasi (OS) untuk memberikan interface (antar muka) untuk interaksi antara user, application, dan hardware.
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Graphical User
System Software
Fungsi pengendali komputer:
Operating systems
Hardware Memory Program Aplikasi Sistem Perawatan
System utilities
Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks:
Manage system resources Improve efficiency Virus prevention
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Single-task systems
Multitask systems
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Known as network operating systems Allow access to the computer system by more than one user Manage user requests Systems include:
UNIX Novell Netware Windows Server 2003
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Microsoft Windows
Market leader 90% market share
Click to view the various Windows systems
First widely This Fundamentally operating used PC better Includes Introduces Offers a new This upgrade system different runs This upgrade graphical user This upgrade graphics point-and-click multi-user to Windows NT faster operating includes interface (GUI) to Windows capabilities and commands with desktop as offers and system more with additional file operating 95 and and introduces a mouse well as improvements efficiently, increased protection and system. Windows 98 keyboard includes modest improved to file security introduces security, power, Plug incorporates Improved includes shortcuts and multitasking digital media and Internet and performance, Play Internet point-and-click system the ability to capabilities and features and support. capabilities, and Explorer 4.0, a mouse backup and overlap desktop Internet long multitasking file names, customizable operations and multimedia windows. applications. capabilities. short-cut scheduler. taskbar, and multitasking capabilities right-click desktop capabilities. (such as menus, a features Media and Player). cleaner 23 desktop.
Windows Windows Windows 3.x Windows Windows 2.0 98 Windows (1990ME 95 Windows XP (1987) 2000 (1998) 1.0 1992) (2000) (1995) NT (2001) (2000) (1985) (1993)
Windows Vista
Diluncurkan 2006 Banyak fungsi di belakang layar Versi terakhir April 2009
Windows 7
Dikeluarkan Juli 2009 Versi terakhir : Oktober 2009
First operating system with point-and-click technology (Graphical User Interface) MAC OS X Excellent in: Graphics display Processing capabilities System reliability Document recovery Fewer software applications
MAC OS
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UNIX
Multi-user, multitask operating system Used primarily with mainframes
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Open-source operating system Based on UNIX Stable system Free May be downloaded through the Internet
Linux
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Commandline
Menu-driven
Graphical
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Processor Management
Controls the timing of events the processor works on
Interrupts Interrupt handler Interrupt table Stack
REQUEST
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Memory Management
The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data
RAM
Operating System
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Virtual Memory
Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full
Swap file Paging Thrashing
FULL
Operating System
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Hardware Management
Device drivers:
Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices Provided by the manufacturer of the device
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Microsoft Direct X
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The Boot Process Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated Step 2: A Power-onself-test (POST) checks attached hardware Step 3: The operating system loads into memory Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked
1
3
4
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Remove the floppy from the drive and press any key Single beep: Everything is loading properly Series of beeps: Hardware problem Windows does not boot properly Uninstall any new devices or software
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Safe mode
The Desktop
MY DOCUMENTS ____________
Shortcut icons My Documents SHORT CUT ICONS A _______________ Start button Quick launch Open programs OPEN _________ Taskbar PROGRAMS _________ TASKBAR START BUTTON System tray _________ D ____________ F toolbar G QUICKLAUNCH ____________
MY COMPUTER ____________
H
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Start Menu
A
B G
_______________ SPECIAL FOLDERS _______________ SYSTEM AREA HELP _______________
C F
E
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Window
G
_______________ SIZING BUTTONS
A B C
F D E
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File Management
The operating system provides an organizational structure to the computers contents Hierarchical structure of directories:
Drives
Folders
Subfolders Files
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Naming Files
Filename:
Name assigned plus filename extension
Bioreport.doc or Bio report.doc
.zip
.pdf .htm or .html
Compressed file
Portable Document Format Web page
WinZip
Adobe Acrobat Hypertext Markup Language
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File path
File path
Location of the file
Secondary folders Filename
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Recycle bin
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Utility Programs
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Display Utilities
Change the appearance of:
Desktop Windows colors Font sizes Screen savers Screen resolution
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Disk cleanup
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System Restore:
Restores the system settings back to a specific date
System Restore
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System Backup
Backup:
Creates a copy of the hard drive to another storage device
Task Scheduler
Sets a time to run selected utilities automatically
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Accessibility Utilities
Utility manager:
Magnify screen image Screen contents narration On-screen keyboard
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