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Attitude
What are the main components of attitudes How consistent are attitudes Does behavior always follow from attitudes What are the major attitudes How are employee attitudes measured What is the importance of attitudes to workplace diversity

What is Attitude
Attitudes
Attitudes are evaluative statementseither favorable or unfavorable concerning objects, people, or events. They reflect how one feels about something.

An emotional readiness to behave in a particular way Leads one to think, feel or act positively or negatively toward a person, idea or event. Deeply ingrained in our personalities as we learn and grow
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Components of Attitude
Affective Cognitive

The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude

Behavioral

The opinion or belief segment of an attitude

Attitude

An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something

In organisation, attitudes are important because of their behavioral component.

Cognitive component:
This component includes the beliefs an individual has about a certain person, object, or situation. Learned beliefs, such as you need to work long hours to get ahead in this job, leads to attitudes that have an impact on behavior in the workplace. Cognitive component of an attitude reflects a persons perceptions or beliefs.

Affective component:
This component refers to the persons feelings that result from his or her beliefs about a person, object or situation. A person who believes hard work earns promotions may feel anger or frustration when he or she works hard but is not promoted. Affective component refers to an individuals feeling about something or someone.

Behavioral component:
This component refers to the individuals behavior that occurs as a result of his or her feeling about the focal person, object or situation. An individual may complain, request a transfer, or be less productive because of he or she feels dissatisfied with work. The behavioral component of an attitude refers to an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.

 Does behavior always follow from attitudes

The assumed relationship between attitudes and behavior was challenged by a review of the research in the late 1960s. The most powerful moderators of the attitudesbehavior relationship have been found to be the importance of the attitude, its specificity, its accessibility, whether there exist social pressures, and whether a person has direct experience with attitude.

What are the major job attitudes

Job satisfaction
A positive feeling about ones job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.

Job involvement
The degree to which a person identifies with a job, actively participates in it, and considers performance important to selfworth. Psychological empowerment.

Organizational commitment
The degree to which an employee indentifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization.

How are employee attitudes measured

Attitude surveys
Eliciting responses from employees through questionnaires on how they feel about their jobs, work groups, supervisors, and the organization. The use of regular attitude surveys can alert management to potential problems and employees intentions early.

Sample Attitude Survey

Job Satisfaction
How do we measure job satisfaction How satisfied are employees in their jobs What causes an employee to have a high level of job satisfaction How do dissatisfied and satisfied employees affect an organization

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Measuring job satisfaction

A single global rating
Reply by circling a number between 1and 5 that corresponds to answers from highly satisfied to high dissatisfied.

A sumation score made up of number of job facets

It identifies key elements in a job and ask for the employees feelings about each. These factors are relaed on a standardized scale and than added up to creat an overall score.

Is one of the foregoing approaches superior to the other

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How satisfied are people in their jobs

Are most people satisfied with there jobs Research shows that satisfaction levels vary a lot depending on which facet of job satisfaction youre talking about.

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What cause job satisfaction

Enjoying the work itself is almost always the facet most strongly correlated with high level of overall job satisfaction. Pay Exhibit 3-3 Personality also plays a role.

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How Employees Can Express Dissatisfaction

Exit
Behavior directed toward leaving the organization.

Voice
Active and constructive attempts to improve conditions.

Loyalty
Passively waiting for conditions to improve.

Neglect
Allowing conditions to worsen.

 Job satisfaction and Customer satisfaction

Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction because: They are more friendly, upbeat, and responsive. They are less likely to turnover which helps build longterm customer relationships. They are experienced.

Dissatisfied customers increase employee job dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction and absenteeism There is consistent negtive relationship between satisfaction and obsenteeism. The relation is moderate to weak 17 organizations that provide

 Job satisfaction and turnover

Satisfaction is also negatively related to turnover. -Some factors are important constrains on the actual decision to leave ones current job.

Job satisfaction and workplace deviance

Job dissatisfaction predicts a lot of specific behaviors. The key is that if employees dont like their work environment, theyll respond somehow. -It is not always easy to forecast exactly how theyll respond.
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Determination of satisfaction
Satisfaction with the work itself. Good salary payment. Growth and Upward Mobility. Supervision. Coworkers. Attitude Towards Work in General.

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Managers can create satisfied employees

Equitable rewards Supportive working conditions Supportive colleagues

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