Architectural Science & Technology I (PA.

1344) 3 credit unit

SOLAR GEOMETRY
Wednesday, April 2, 2008
by:

FX Teddy Badai Samodra

laboratory of ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY fxteddybs@arch.its.ac.id

of

REFERENCES
http://www.solaroregon.org/learn/solar-site-analysis/solar-geometry http://solargeometry.com/Geometry http://www.susdesign.com/sunangle http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/ http://www.atoptics.co.uk/ http://squ1.org/wiki/Solar_Position_Calculator

1. RADIATION

BACKGROUND

SOLAR GEOMETRY

BACKGROUND
Did ancient man have knowledge of the same geometries, proportions and relationships that are found in the design of the solar system? We may never know for certain, but ancient architecture and artifacts seem to use these geometries again and again.

The pyramids of Egypt embody pi and phi in their dimensions as well as many ratios found between the Earth and Sun

SOLAR GEOMETRY

BACKGROUND

However for the purposes of building design lets again assume that the sun revolves around the earth, or at least that the sun revolves around the building site in question.
Copernicus is credited with establishing that the earth orbits around the sun SOLAR GEOMETRY
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A. SOLAR CONTEXT

1. RADIATION

A. SOLAR CONTEXT

1. RADIATION

A. SOLAR CONTEXT

1. RADIATION

A. SOLAR CONTEXT

1. RADIATION

A. SOLAR CONTEXT

At low angles the suns rays pass through more of the atmosphere resulting in radiation reaching the surface being weaker

1. RADIATION

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A. SOLAR CONTEXT

1. RADIATION

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A. SOLAR CONTEXT

2. POSITION

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A. SOLAR CONTEXT

2. POSITION

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A. SOLAR CONTEXT

2. POSITION

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A. SOLAR CONTEXT

2. POSITION

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A. SOLAR CONTEXT

2. POSITION

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A. SOLAR CONTEXT

2. POSITION

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B. EARTH CONTEXT

1. POSITION

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B. EARTH CONTEXT

1. POSITION

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B. EARTH CONTEXT

The time zone is important as it affects solar noon. All charts are based on solar noon not the hour noon. Easiest way to find solar noon for your location is to note the sunrise and sunset times (in the paper/net) and solar noon is halfway inbetween.

2. TIME AND SOLAR PATH

B. EARTH CONTEXT

2. TIME AND SOLAR PATH

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C. SOLAR ANGLES

Solar altitude is the angular distance of the sun to the horizon from the view of an observer. Of course, every other heavenly body also has its altitude.

1. ALTITUDE & AZIMUTH

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C. SOLAR ANGLES

1. ALTITUDE & AZIMUTH

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C. SOLAR ANGLES

5. DESCRIPTION

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C. SOLAR ANGLES

Solar Azimuth is the angular position of the sun measured around the Horizon with North being 0 degrees, East 90 degrees, South 180 degrees and West 270 degrees.

1. ALTITUDE & AZIMUTH

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C. SOLAR ANGLES
Azimuth angle is usually measured from South (in architecture) but sometimes from the North
South is always solar South (not magnetic South or plan South) Altitude angle is measured from the horizontal Times are always solar times

2. CONVENTION

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C. SOLAR ANGLES
SOLAR SOUTH Defined by the position of the sun at solar noon Marks the center of symmetry for the daily solar path Differs from magnetic South by the magnetic deviation value Plan South is totally arbitrary

3. SOLAR SOUTH

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C. SOLAR ANGLES

3. SOLAR SOUTH

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C. SOLAR ANGLES

AST (clock time) = Local solar time + Equation of time value + (4)(local standard meridian local longitude) +/-daylight saving time

4. SOLAR TIME

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C. SOLAR ANGLES

Sign Conventions
Angles east of south are negative Angles west of south are positive

90

-90

45

-45

+
0

5. CONVETION DESCRIPTION

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C. SOLAR ANGLES

Calculating Surface Solar Azimuth

=

For example: Building faade is oriented south east ( =-45) Solar azimuth () is 30 west of south = 30 (-45) = 75 Note: || 90, faade in shade

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-45

5. CONVETION DESCRIPTION

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM
Sun path diagrams or sun charts are projections of the sky dome onto a surface
1. Cylindrical projection Show the Sun's appearent path for an observer who is looking due South. Useful for conducting shading calculations, especially for high geographical altitudes. It is very confusion when the sun is high up in the sky, i.e. in tropical situations.

1. MODEL

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM

1. MODEL

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM
2. Polar diagram The sky dome is projected onto a horizontal plane with the observer being in the center. Ideal for visualising the compass direction of the Sun at any point in time, especially at tropical latitudes and during the summer months

1. MODEL

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM

1. MODEL

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM

1. MODEL

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM

1. MODEL

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM

1. MODEL

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM

2. DERIVATION

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM

2. DERIVATION

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM

2. DERIVATION

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM

2. DERIVATION

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM

2. DERIVATION

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D. SUNPATH DIAGRAM

2. DERIVATION

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E. SUNDIALS

1. DESCRIPTION

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E. SUNDIALS

1. DESCRIPTION

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E. SUNDIALS

2. IMPLEMENTATION

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E. SUNDIALS

2. IMPLEMENTATION

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F. IMPLEMENTATION

Shading Strategies
STRATEGIES
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F. IMPLEMENTATION

Shading Devices Overview

South Faade: Horizontal overhang

The Capital (Chandigarh)

San Cristobal Stables

SHADING STRATEGIES

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F. IMPLEMENTATION

Shading Devices Overview

East/West Faade: Vertical fins angled to the north

Keio University Graduate School Research Center Monastery of Ste Marie de La Tourette

SHADING STRATEGIES

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F. IMPLEMENTATION

Shading Devices Overview

North Faade: Vertical fins (used in hot climates only)

Phoenix Central Library

SHADING STRATEGIES

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F. IMPLEMENTATION

Shading Devices Tectonics

Vertical Louvers or Screens

John Deere Headquarters, Moline IL

Jewett Art Center, Wellesley, MA

SHADING STRATEGIES

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F. IMPLEMENTATION

Shading Devices Tectonics

Horizontal Solid and louvered planes, projections or recesses

Getty Center Los Angeles, CA

Paimio Sanatorium, Finland

SHADING STRATEGIES

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F. IMPLEMENTATION
Sculptural Form Thickness Projections Screens
Unity Temple, Oak Park, IL

Beach House, Lido Shores, FL Reynolds Aluminum Building, Detroit, MI

Obayashi Tokyo Design Center

SHADING STRATEGIES

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APPRECIATION

ATTENTION

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