Introduction To Huawei UMTS Radio Network Dimensioning (RND)

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1 Jul. 10th 2005 Huawei Copyright 2004
Introduction to Huawei
UMTS Radio Network Dimensioning
(RND)
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Part 1. Context, Concepts and
Rationale
Part 2. Introduction to Huawei RND
tool
Agenda
Part 3. RND tool: Example and
Exercise
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Context
Huawei C3Q principle of Radio Network Planning
(RNP)
Coverage: Largest coverage for profitable services
Capacity: Highest capacity with limited resources
Cost: Lowest total cost of ownership (CAPEX + OPEX)
Quality: Best quality for key services

Coverage and Capacity analysis are the core of
UMTS radio network planning
Our goal is to balance customers requirements of coverage,
capacity, cost and quality.
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Context (2)
This presentation is focused on the rationale and
tool of Radio Network Dimensioning
Perform radio network
dimensioning
Conduct nominal planning
Conduct Cell planning
Identify RNP goals
Our focus
is here!
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Concepts
Coverage analysis
The major activity is RLB (radio link budget) that calculates the
maximum allowed pathloss, and thus cell range can be derived
using a proper propagation model

Capacity Dimensioning
Translate traffic model, subscriber density and behaviours into
capacity requirements

Coverage and Capacity: a trade-off
WCDMA system: an intrinsically interference-limited system.
Loading analysis serves as the linkage between coverage and
capacity analyses
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Rationale
Rationale of RLB and capacity dimensioning
1. Scenarios of analysis
2. Link budget model and key parameters
WCDMA specific parameters
3. Capacity dimensioning
4. I terative coverage and capacity planning
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1. What are the scenarios of analysis in Radio
Network Dimensioning?
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Scenarios of analysis
Morphology
Generally, planned areas are classified into five types:
Dense Urban
Urban
Suburban
Rural Area
Highway
The parameters that are contingent on morphology type
include:
Mean penetration loss
Standard deviation of log-normal fading
Path loss exponent and other factors in propagation model
Etc.
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Scenarios of analysis (2)
Morphology (contd)
Planning strategies need to be customized for different type of
area. It is necessary to configure following parameters
accordingly:
Channel model
Sectorization
Indoor coverage
Target service (seamless coverage)
TMA and Diversity mode
Cell loading
Average antenna height
Cable loss

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Channel model
The channel model defines the number of signal path,
relative path loss and delay variance to abstract the wireless
channel.
According to specifications of 3GPP R4(TR25.943 V4.0.0),
typical channel models are used as following:
Static: no multipath
TU3: typical urban area, pedestrian, 3km/h
TU50: typical urban area, vehicle, 50km/h
TU120: typical urban area, vehicle,
120km/h
RA120: rural area, vehicle, 120km/h
RA250: rural area, vehicle, 250km/h
HT120: high terrain, vehicle, 120km/h

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Channel model (Cont.)
Values of some parameters vary with the channel in
the wireless environment. The variances are acquired
generally by the link simulation.
Link performance: required Eb/No in both channels
Downlink interference margin: due to the variance of
orthogonal factor in different channel environments
Fast fading margin (Power control headroom): due to
different link performance
Soft handover gain over fast fading margin: due to
different link performance
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Indoor coverage
Whether indoor coverage is available depends on the
intention of the operator.
The penetration loss and the standard deviation of log-
normal fading are subject to the requirement for indoor
coverage.
Targeted service (for seamless coverage)
To identify the kind of service for seamless coverage, the
coverage planning strategy needs to be aligned with the
operators business strategy.
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2. What are the key parameters in WCDMA
radio link budget?
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TX
DUPLEXER FEEDER
RX
Pout_BS
Lc_BS
Lf_BS
Ga_BS NodeB
TX
RX
Pout_U
E
Ga_UE
UE
DUPLEXER
P
L
_
D
L P
L
_
U
L
SLOW FADING
MARGIN
PENETRATION
LOSS
BODY LOSS
Radio Link Budget basic model
The basic RLB model in a radio
system
Rationale of RLB
The link path between
transmitter and
receiver is broke down
into components of
analysis.
Then, coverage
capability of a radio
system is the collective
effects of these
components.
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Key parameters in RLB
1. Maximum transmission
power of TCH
2. Cable loss & body loss
3. Antenna gain
4. EIRP (Equivalent isotropic
Radiation Power)
5. Noise figure
6. Required Eb/No
7. Sensitivity of receiver
Margin of background noise
Minimum required signal strength
Penetration loss
Log-normal fading margin
Radio propagation model
I nterference margin
Fast Fading Margin
Soft Handover Gain
WCDMA
specific
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What are the WCDMA specific parameters
in RLB?
Required Eb/N0
Interference margin
Fast fading margin
Soft handover gain

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Required Eb/N0
Needed by the user service to maintain the link
with acceptable quality
Downlink and uplink Eb/N0

Output from Link-level Simulation according
to the following factors:
Channel type
Mobile speed
QoS
Receiver implementation

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Interference Margin
The interference margin is used to account for the
increase in the interference level within the cell
due to other users.

It introduces a way into RLB to account for the
loading of the cell. More loading is allowed in a
cell, the larger margin is required, which induces
smaller cell range.

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Uplink Loading
The loading factor can be defined as:

Where R
j
is the bit rate of the j-th link in the cell
u
j
is the user activity factor
i is the other to own cell interference ratio
E
b
N
0
is the target for the j-th link in the cell
W is the chip rate
( )

=
+
+ =
N
j
j j j b
UL
v R
W
N E
i
1
0
1
) / (
1
1
1
1 q
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Uplink Interference Margin
The uplink interference margin should be
equal to the maximum planned noise rise in
BS receiver:
UL
UL
NoiseRise IM
q
= =
1
1
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Downlink Loading
In the Downlink the loading factor can be
expressed as

Where o
j
is the orthogonality factor in the downlink
R
j
u
j
i
j
is the other to own cell interference ratio of j-th link
E
b
/N
0
W is the chip rate
=
+
+
=
N
j
j j
j j j b
DL
i
v R
W
N E
1
0
) 1 (
1
) / (
1
1
1
o q
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Downlink Interference Margin
The downlink interference margin should be equal to
the planned maximum noise rise in the receiver of
UE on cell edge. For a user j on cell edge:
DL
N
n
j
n
n
n b
n
N j
CCH
j j
N
j TX BS j j
N
OC SC N
N
Total
j
CL
CL
R W
N E
v
P CL
P
i
P
CL P i
P
I I P
P
j I
NoiseRise
q
+
+ o + =
+ o
+ =
+ +
=
=
=
1
]
/
) / (
[
) ( 1
/ ) (
1
) (
1
0
_
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Downlink Interference Margin (2)
Where o
j
is the orthogonality factor in the downlink
R
j
u
j
i
j
is the other to own cell interference ratio
E
b
/N
0
W is the chip rate
P
CCH
is the common channel power transmitted by the BS
P
N
is the noise floor of UE
CL
j
is the coupling loss, which is the loss between the antenna
connectors of BS cabinet and UE receiver for j-th link
CableLoss ennae GainsOfAnt nLoss Penetratio BodyLoss PathLoss CL + + + =
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CL SIR N CL
R W
N E
v E N CL
R W
N E
v
n
n
n b
n n
N
n
n
n b
n
= =
=
]}
/
) / (
{ ]
/
) / (
[
0
1
0
) ( )]} 1 (
/
) / (
{[
)] 1 (
/
) / (
[ ) 1 (
1
) / (
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
i SIR N i
R W
N E
v E N
i
R W
N E
v i
v R
W
N E
j j
j
j b
n
N
j
j j
j
j b
n
N
j
j j
j j j b
DL
+ o = + o =
+ o ~ + o
+
= q

= =
Assuming there are enough users in the cell and
demodulation performance is irrelevant to location,
such approximation can be supposed:

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So the downlink interference margin can be written as:

)
/
(
1
) (
1
1
]
/
) / (
[
) ( 1
}
1
]
/
) / (
[
) ( 1 {
1
0
1
0
j
DL
N
j CCH
DL
j j
DL
N
n
j
n
n
n b
n
N j
CCH
j j
DL
N
n
j
n
n
n b
n
N j
CCH
j j
j DL
CL
CL
i P
CL P i
CL
CL
R W
N E
v
P CL
P
i
CL
CL
R W
N E
v
P CL
P
i E
NoiseRise IM
+ o
q
+
q
+ o
+ =
q
+
+ o + =
q
+
+ o + =
=
=
=
Note: mean values without subscript j refer to averaging over all users in
the cell; mean values with subscript j refer to averaging over users on the
cell edge.
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Interference Margin vs. Load Factor
An example of downlink interference margin vs.
downlink loading with balanced links is depicted
as:
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Total Transmission Power vs. Load Factor
In the downlink, it is important to estimate the total
amount of BS transmission power required.
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Fast Fading Margin
In the link budget, the required EbNo is estimated by the link-
level simulation with the assumption of perfect power control.
The assumption will be invalid If a terminal transmits with
maximum power on the cell edge and subsequently suffers
from fast fading. It is because the terminal cannot respond to
the power increase command issued by power control
algorithm from RNC.
The fast fading margin, or PC headroom, is included to account
for the additional headroom needed in the mobile station
transmission power to maintain adequate power.
Consequently, fast fading margin can be calculated as:

perfectPC EbNo noPC EbNo headroom PC _ _ _ =
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Soft Handover Gain
Soft handover gain accounts for the diversity
gain achieved during soft handover conditions.
In link budget, we divide it into two parts as
follows:
SHO gain over fast fading (Macro Diversity Combining
Gain)
Reduce the requirement for EbNo on the cell edge
Estimated in different circumstances by the link-level
simulation

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Soft Handover Gain (2)
SHO gain over slow fading (Multicell Gain)
More uncorrelated paths available to reduce the outage
probability
The outage probability on the cell edge in SHO area is
estimated by:
o
o
t
=
}

d
b
a
Q e R
SHO R
OutageSHO
2 _
)] ( [
2
1
) ( Pr
2
The gain can be resulted from:
SHO R Single R
G
_ _
=
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3. What is the rationale of WCDMA air
interface Capacity dimensioning?
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Capacity dimensioning: purpose
Estimate Supported Subscribers
Cell Resource
Mixed Services
Service Traffic
Respective GoS
Estimate Site Number and Configuration
Site number
CE number
E1 per site
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Capacity dimensioning: difficulties
Cell edge is continuously moving according
to the traffic load
Mixed services: multiple data rates
Respective GoS Requirement
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Capacity dimensioning: rationale
WCDMA capacity is determined by both uplink and
downlink maximum allowed interference which is
quantitated by loading analyses.
Uplink load equation

+
=
C
N / E
data / voice
R
W
A
o b
10
10
1
1
Downlink load equation

=
C
N / E
data / voice
R
W
A
o b
10
10
1
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Capacity analysis: rationale (2)
Service model and subscriber behaviours
collectively determine the traffic model which
ultimately determines the capacity requirements.
Service modeling
Subscriber behaviours
Traffic
modeling
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Capacity dimensioning method
Campbells Theorem
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Campbell Theorem
Virtual Service
Video Phone Call
Voice Call
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Campbell Theorem (2)
Multi services one Virtual Service
Virtual Service Load
Virtual Service Traffic

One Service Calculation
Erlang B Formula

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( )
( )
=
j
j j
j
j j
virtual
Erlang . A
Erlang . A
A
2
Virtual Load
virtual
j
j j
virtual
A
Erlang . A
Erlang

Virtual Traffic
: the load of a single user for service j
j
A
: busy hour traffic of a single user for service j
j
Erlang
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Virtual service channels
Total Traffic: using Erlang B Formula
( )
(
+
=
virtual
UL
A f
N
. 1
q
UL
(
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
f
M
A
N
virtual DL
c
u q
.
1
. 1
DL
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4. What is iterative coverage and capacity
planning?
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Iterative nature of Dimensioning

DU ??km^2
U ?? km^2
SU ??km^2
RA ??km^2
HW ??km
Geographical information
DU km
2
U km
2
SU km
2
RA km
2
HW km

Adjust
UL loading
Downwards

UL cell range
with specific
UL loading
Service-specific Information
Service Type, Proportion
Service Density
Service Forecast

DL Loading
in specific
circumstances

Cell Range
Y (Capacity-limited)

COST231-HATA,.. .
Applicable Propagation Model
COST231-HATA, ...

If the upper limit
of configuration
be reached
Large than

Less than (Coverage-limited)
Shrink the Cell
Cell Loading vs.
Maximum Allowable Value
N
Add the amount of configuration
(sectorization, carriers,...)
Equal to
SiteConfiguration
Cell Range
Number of Site
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Rationale
Part 2. Introduction to Huawei
RND tool
Agenda
Exercise
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Basic functions provided by Huawei RND tool

Basic functions of RND tool
Radio link budget (UL/DL)
Capacity dimensioning (UL/DL)
Iterative capacity and coverage planning
CE dimensioning
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The input and output of RND tool
Coverage related:
Target Area to be
covered
Propagation model
Capacity related:
Traffic type/model
Traffic distribution
Forecast of growth
GoS & QoS
Coverage probability
Blocking rate
Equipment related
TMA
Three sector
Others

Scale of network
Number of sites
Site configuration
Sectorisation
Carrier number
Cost
Cost of Node B
& RNC
equipment
Input Output
Link Budget
Capacity
Estimation
Key Processes
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Three windows: A look at RND tool
Output
window:
Dimensioning
result
Input window 1:
common
parameters
Input window 2:
Advanced
parameters
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Common parameter window
Input window the common parameters (which
change according to specific project)
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Please group the common parameters into:
Coverage related parameters
Capacity related parameters
Quality related parameters
Equipment related parameters
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Advanced parameter window
Input window the advanced parameters (which are
Huawei default parameters and change less often.)
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Advanced parameter: the propagation
model selection
Options of Propagation Model:
COST231-HATA
SPM model
ASSET Standard Macrocell
Setting the coefficients
of SPM model:
These coefficients derive
from propagation model
calibration.
Any input should be
based on model
calibration value.
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Dimensioning output
Making sense of the dimensioning results
the output window includes results of:
Link budget result
Network coverage dimension
Network iteration dimension

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Link budget result
Link budget result:
Path loss and cell
radius
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Network coverage dimension
Network coverage
dimension result
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Network iteration dimension
Network iteration
dimension result
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Rationale
Part 2. Introduction to Huawei RND
tool
Agenda
Exercise
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Example
Our customer specifies the coverage and
capacity requirements in the following
document.
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Interpret the requirements
Coverage related
requirements
1. Continuous coverage service is?
2. Coverage area is?
3. Propagation model specified?
4. Other information?
Capacity related
requirements
1. Subscriber number?
2. Service penetration rate?
3. Service model?
4. Traffic distribution and throughput
per user?
Quality related
requirements
1. Coverage probability
2. GOS?
3. Indoor coverage required?
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Coverage related
requirements
Already understood by RND
Capacity related
requirements
Traffic modeling data needs translation in
order for RND to understand.
Quality related
requirements
Already understood by RND
Raw data of customer requirements need to be
translated into RND-readable parameters.
Interpret the requirements (2)
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Dimensioning results
Cell range (radius)
Site number
Site configuration
CE number (UL/DL)

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Exercise
Operator name: Brilliant Mobility
Brilliant Mobilitys coverage and capacity requirements
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