In this chapter, we will consider another crucial dimension of decision making in curriculum planning:
In developing goals for educational programs, curriculum planners draw on their understanding both of the present and long-term needs of learners and of society as well as the planners beliefs and ideologies about school, learners and teachers.
Learner-centeredness
This term groups together educational philosophies that stress the individual needs of learners, the role of individual experience, and the need to develop awareness, self-reflection, critical thinking, learner strategies, and other qualities and skills that are believed to be important for learners to develop. MARSH points out that the issue of learner-centered curricula reappears every decade or so and can refer to any of the following: - individualized teaching - learning through practical operation and doing - no organized curricula at all but based on the momentary interests of children
E.g. Students will learn how to write effective business letters for use in the hotel and tourism industries
Objectives:
An objective refers to a statement of specific changes a program seeks to bring about and result from an analysis the aim into its different components
Objectives should be precise. Objectives that are vague and ambiguous are not useful - Students will know how to use useful conversation expressions A more precise objective would be: - Students will use conversation expressions for greeting people, opening and closing conversations
1. Students will learn how to write effective business letters for use in the hotel and tourism industries.
2. Students will study how to listen effectively in conversational interactions and how to develop better listening strategies. 3. Students learn how to communicate information and ideas creatively and effectively through writing.
Discussion question : * Look at the lists of listening skills and conversation skills in appendix 2 and prepare three sample objectives related to any of the skills listed.