Presented by
Md.Mainuddin Hasan
2646-Mech-2007
Syed mohammad khalil
2570-Mech-2007
Asif ayaz
2587-Mech-2007
Contents
Classifications
System classification
Once-through systems
Combination system
Once-through systems
Water from natural resorvoir is used
The pumped water is circulated and discharged back
Heat is exchanged form hot water to cold water
Discharge methods
Surface Discharge: Water is released in thin layer on surface. Submerged Discharge: Water is released buoyant
jet below the surface of a body. Diffuser Discharge: Water is through number of nozzles from a submerged long pipe. Heat rejection is accomplished by evaporation in all methods
Closedloop system
Water is taken from the condenser pass through a cooling device and return it to the condenser.
Cooling devices
Cooing tower
Spray ponds Spray canals
Combination system
Once through system is combined with cooling device
Cooling device cools the water returning to resorvoir
Cooling Towers
A cooling tower is a heat rejection unit. Rejects heat though the cooling of a water stream Supplies cooling water to turbine condensor,
Major Components
Cooling Tower (Supply) Basin Water is supplied from the discharge of the Circulating Water System to a Distribution Basin, from which the Cooling Tower Pumps take a suction. Cooling Tower Pumps
These large pumps supply water to the Cooling Towers.
By use in field
By Heat transfer methods
tower
No fan required
Mechanical draft
Induced draft
A mechanical draft tower with a fan at the discharge
velocities
Induced draft
with a blower type fan at the intake The fan forces air into the tower, creating high entering and low exiting air velocities.
Forced draft
Forced draft
A mechanical draft tower with a blower type fan at the
intake The fan forces air into the tower, creating high entering and low exiting air velocities.
Forced draft
draft. A hybrid type that appears like a natural draft though airflow is assisted by a fan
perpendicular to the water flow Air flow enters one or more vertical faces of the cooling tower to meet the fill material Water flows (perpendicular to the air) through the fill by gravity
by air-to-water flow
Counterflow In a counterflow design the
air flow is directly opposite to the water flow Air flow first enters an open area beneath the fill media and is then drawn up vertically The water is sprayed through pressurized nozzles and flows downward through the fill, opposite to the air flow
Counterflow
In a counterflow design the air flow is directly opposite
to the water flow Air flow first enters an open area beneath the fill media and is then drawn up vertically The water is sprayed through pressurized nozzles and flows downward through the fill.
ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES OF COUNTER FLOW cooling towers
due to their pressurized spray water distribution system: More efficient use of air due to finer droplet size from pressure sprays. ADVANTAGES OF COUNTER FLOW cooling towers due to their vertical air distribution system: The vertical air movement across the fill allows the coldest water to be in contact with the driest air maximizing tower performance.
DISADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES OF COUNTER FLOW cooling
towers due to their pressurized spray water distribution system: Increased system pumping head requirements. Increased energy consumption and operating costs. Distribution nozzles difficult to inspect and clean. Requires individual risers for each cell, increasing external piping costs.
compression. This liquid is circulated through a heat exchanger to cool air or equipment as required. Air cooled chillers are also available
Schematic of chiller
from various sources in industries The primary use of large, industrial cooling towers is to remove the heat absorbed in the circulating cooling water systems
the principle of evaporation. The working fluid and the evaporated fluid (usually H2O) are one and the same.
that separates the working fluid from ambient air, such as in a heat exchanger, utilizing convective heat transfer. They do not use evaporation