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Temperance moderates the attraction of pleasures, assures the mastery of the will over instincts and provides balance in the use of created goods.
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Definition
Temperance is the cardinal virtue that regulates the pursuit of pleasure according to right reason (human virtue) or reason enlightened by faith (supernatural virtue).
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Related virtues
Chastity moderates the use of the reproductive power. Modesty, in its stricter sense of propriety, governs other acts that are connected in some way with personal intimacy. Abstinence controls the use of food. Sobriety regulates the use of intoxicating drinks
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Chastity means the positive integration of sexuality within the person. Sexuality becomes truly human when it is integrated in a correct way into the relationship of one person to another. Chastity is a moral virtue, a gift of God, a grace, and a fruit of the Holy Spirit.
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Right reason discovers that the use of the reproductive power is intrinsically linked to the transmission of life and to personal love. In the human beings, the transmission of life cannot be separated from the education of children. Therefore, the use of sex according to right reason means that it be (1) within monogamous and indissoluble marriage, which is the only way of assuring comprehensive education and personal (conjugal) love (2) open to procreation, that is, without positively and voluntarily excluding it.
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Positive Integration
Body and emotions subject to right reason Conjugal love: mutual total self-giving
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Elements of struggle
Right Reason
Effort
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Compendium 490. What are the means that aid the living of chastity? There are many means at one's disposal: the grace of God, the help of the sacraments, prayer, self-knowledge, the practice of an asceticism adapted to various situations, the exercise of the moral virtues, especially the virtue of temperance which seeks to have the passions guided by reason.
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Is Purity Possible?
Sexual appetite and emotions have a life of their own wound of concupiscence Control of reason and will can be:
despotic political
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1.Sex is holy, not a plaything. It should never be trivialized. 2.Created in the image of God, I can live by reason, not just by urges (as the animals do). 3.Persons are to be loved, not merely used as objects of enjoyment. 4.I must not treat persons as objects, even in the mind, lest I become a user of persons in practice. 5.Unchaste activity destroys my most precious friendship, that with God, the source of all happiness. 6.Unchaste activity brings pleasure but not happiness.
From Achieving Chastity in a Pornographic World, by Rev. T. G. Morrow
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Purity requires modesty which, while protecting the intimate center of the person, expresses the sensitivity of chastity. It guides how one looks at others and behaves toward them in conformity with the dignity of persons and their communion. Purity frees one from wide-spread eroticism and avoids those things which foster morbid curiosity. Purity also requires a purification of the social climate by means of a constant struggle against moral permissiveness which is founded on an erroneous conception of human freedom.
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Modesty
Not directly on sexual pleasure Personal intimacy Senses in relation to chastity and dignity Moderate curiosity
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Temperance (self-mastery) Human Dignity (respect for person) Justice (rights involved) Truth (language of the body)
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Grave sins against chastity differ according to their object: adultery, masturbation, fornication, pornography, prostitution, rape, and homosexual acts. These sins are expressions of the vice of lust. These kinds of acts committed against the physical and moral integrity of minors become even more grave.
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Consummated: Fornication (PMS), Adultery, Sodomy Non-consummated: voluntary arousal of sexual passions as in passionate kissing, touches, pornography, conversations., etc
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Involving Others
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Sobriety
Sobriety: virtue that regulates the desire and use of intoxicating drinks
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We must take reasonable care of our own physical health and that of others but avoid the cult of the body and every kind of excess. Also to be avoided are the use of drugs which cause very serious damage to human health and life, as well as the abuse of food, alcohol, tobacco and medicine.
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Abstinence is the moral virtue that inclines man to moderate the use of food according to the dictates of right reason. Fasting means taking less food than what natural abstinence would recommend, for ascetical reasons.
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Ash Wednesday and Good Friday. 18 to 60 are bound to fast. Does not apply in cases in which fasting would cause a serious harm Taking only one full meal on that day (other meals partial)
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Compulsory abstinence forbids the eating of meat on all Fridays of the year.
In the Philippines, this practice can be commuted for works of penance, charity, or devotion. Above 14 years are bound to observe abstinence, with the same exceptions as fasting.
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THE END
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