Cosmetics and Nutraceuticals

Oral Health: Gingivitis

Wong Chai Ping Sharon Ding Wensze Huong Siew Ching Mohd Sirajuddin (1108-2247) (1108-2235) (1108-2184) (1108-2204)

What is Gingivitis?
a.k.a gum disease or periodontal disease. Inflammation and bleeding of the gums. most common form of oral disease According to FDA, prevalence is 15% (age 21-50), 30% (age >50)

How Gingivitis is formed?

How Gingivitis is formed?

Food contains carbohydrate

How Gingivitis is formed?

Bacteria (normal flora)

Starch & Sugar

How Gingivitis is formed?

PLAQUE

If not removed within 72 hours.

PLAQUE >>TARTAR

If not removed within 72 hours.

PLAQUE >>TARTAR

If not removed within 72 hours.

PLAQUE >>TARTAR

Inflammation

 Untreated gingivitis can advance to periodontitis. The inner layer of the gum pull away from the teeth and form pockets. Collect debris and can become infected. As the disease progresses, more gum tissue and bone are destroyed. Tooth loss occurs.

What Causes Gingivitis?

Poor Nutrition: calcium, vitamin C, and B vitamins Hormonal changes: pregnancy, puberty, menopause, menstruation Illnesses: cancer, HIV, diabetes Medications: phenytoin , calcium channel blockers, anti-hypertension drugs, and medications that suppress the immune system Smoking Poor oral hygiene habits Family history of dental disease

What Are the Symptoms of Gingivitis?

Bleeding gums during and after tooth brushing Red, swollen, or tender gums Persistent bad breath Receding gums Loose teeth

Nutraceuticals available?
Calcium
Vitamin D

Probiotic
CoQ10

CALCIUM

 Minerals Contribute

to reduction of plaque formation and protection of oral health But with high vitamin D intakes For bone mineralization

Amanda RA Adegboye, Denmark, 2013

Source: Kordels

VITAMIN D

 Eg.

1,25 dihyrdoxyvitamin D3/ calcitriol Inhibits T-cell proliferation & cytokines production Anti-Inflammatory, but dose 500 IU and above

Vishwanath P.Hiremath, Karnataka, India, 2013

Source: Caring Pharmacy

PROBIOTIC

 Eg.

Lactobacillus Reuteri Gram-positive, guts of mammal/ birds MOA = elucidated/ unknown Studies show 3 possibilities A) Produce reuterin, inhibits bacteria B) Block bacteria binding to host tissue C) Anti-inflammatory Effect (might be the basis of a direct or indirect effect of bacterium on the gingiva in subjects with gingivitis)
Per Krasse, Malmo University, Sweden, 2006

Source: MIMS Malaysia, Probiotix Reuteri ablet/BiogaiaProbiotic Drops

CoQ10

 Antioxidant

neutralize the effect of free radicals that damage cell membranes and lead to disease states

Reduce

bleeding and improve the texture and health of the gum tissue.

Prevention is always better than cure

How to Prevent Gingivitis?

Professional dental cleanings Use soft toothbrush Brush teeth twice a day, or better yet, after every meal Floss at least once a day. Use an antiseptic mouthwash Use an interdental cleaner, such as a dental pick or dental stick Antibiotic Therapy: Periostat (doxycycline hyclate)

References:
http://books.google.com.my/books?id=7Lj2CmMpdn4 C&pg=PA99&dq=CoQ10+gums+health&hl=en&sa=X& ei=dzgfU_FJo6HrgeygIGYDQ&ved=0CEoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepag e&q=CoQ10%20gums%20health&f=false http://www.lifeextensionvitamins.com/gingivitis.html#st hash.Y9oSEFRu.dpuf

Siew Ching