H2S(g) + 2AgNO3(aq) 2HNO3(aq) + Ag2S(s) H2S + 2Ag+ + 2NO3- 2H+ +2NO3- + Ag2S H2S + 2Ag+ 2H+ + Ag2S
Mg(OH)2
2I
2+ Pb
PbI2
+ CrO4 Ag2CrO4
2-
+ PO4 Ag3PO4
3-
2OH
Mn(OH)2
2OH
Mg(OH)2
H2S +
2+ Cd
CdS +
+ 2H
10. Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of barium acetate. 2H+ + SO42- + Ba2+ + 2C2H3O2 BaSO4 + 2HC2H3O2
11. A precipitate is formed when solutions of trisodium phosphate and calcium chloride are mixed.
2PO4 +
3-
2+ 3Ca
Ca3(PO4)2
2- +
2+ Ba
2OH
13. Equal volumes of dilute equimolar solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are mixed. Na2CO3(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) 2Na+ + CO32- + H+ +Cl- Na+ + Cl- + Na+ + HCO3+ 2H + CO3 HCO3
14. Solid barium peroxide is added to cold dilute sulfuric acid. BaO2(s) + H2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + H2O2(l) BaO2 +2H+ + SO42- BaSO4 + H2O2
15. Excess hydrochloric acid solution is added to a solution of potassium sulfite. 2HCl(aq) + K2SO3(aq) H2O(l) + SO2(g) + 2KCl(aq) 2H+ + 2Cl- + 2K+ + SO32- H2O + SO2 + 2K+ + 2Cl2H+ + SO32- H2O + SO2
16. Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of barium chloride. H2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) 2HCl(aq) + BaSO4(s) + 22+ 2H + SO4 + Ba + 2Cl 2H+ + 2Cl- + BaSO4 22+ SO4 + Ba BaSO4
17. A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of ammonium chloride. NaOH(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) NaCl(aq) + NH3(g) + H2O(l) + + Na + OH + NH4 + Cl Na+ + Cl- + NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
H2S(g) + Ni(NO3)2(aq) 2HNO3(aq) + NiS(s) 2+ H2S + Ni + 2NO3 + 2H + 2NO3 + NiS H2S + Ni2+ NiS + 2H+
+ MnS H2S +
2+ Mn
2PO4 +
3-
2+ 3Zn
Zn3(PO4)2
25. Equimolar amounts of trisodium phosphate and hydrogen chloride, both in solution, are mixed.
3PO4
+ H
2HPO4
H2S +
2+ Pb
PbS +
+ 2H
+ CrO4 Ag2CrO4
2-
29. Solutions of sodium fluoride and dilute hydrochloric acid are mixed.
+ H
HF
30. A saturated solution of barium hydroxide is mixed with a solution of iron(III) sulfate. 3Ba2+ + 6OH- + 2Fe3+ + 3SO42 3BaSO4 + 2Fe(OH)3
NH4 +
OH
NH3 + H2O
32. A solution of ammonium sulfate is added to a saturated solution of barium hydroxide. 2NH4 + SO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O + BaSO4
+ 22+ Ba +2OH
34. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a dilute solution of mercury(I) nitrate. 2Cl
+ Hg2 Hg2Cl2
2+
+ HCO3
H2O + CO2
2SO3
H2O + SO2
37. Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through water containing a suspension of calcium carbonate.
H2S +
2+ Hg
HgS +
+ 2H
2PO4
3-
Zn3(PO4)2
AgBr
SingleReplacement 1. A piece of aluminum metal is added to a solution of silver nitrate. Al(s) + 3AgNO3(aq) Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3Ag(s) Al + 3Ag+ + 3NO3- Al3+ + 3NO3- + 3Ag + 3+ Al + 3Ag Al + 3Ag
2Al(s) + 3CuCl2(aq) 3Cu(s) + 2AlCl3(aq) 2+ 2Al + 3Cu + 6Cl 3+ 3Cu + 2Al + 6Cl 2Al + 3Cu2+ 2Al3+ + 3Cu
H2 + CuO H2O + Cu
2Na + 2H2O
+ 2Na
2OH +
H2
Ca +
+ 2H
2+ Ca
+ H2
3Mg +
3+ 2Fe
2+ 3Mg
+ 2Fe
Cl2 +
2Br
2Cl
+ Br2
Mg +
+ 2Ag
2+ Mg
+ 2Ag
Ca + 2H2O
2+ Ca
2OH
+ H2
Br2 +
2I
2Br
+ I2
Cl2 +
2I
2Cl
+ I2
Pb +
+ 2Ag
2+ Pb
+ 2Ag
Zn +
2+ Cu
2+ Zn
+ Cu
Zn +
2+ Cu
2+ Zn
+ Cu
2Na + 2H2O
+ 2Na
2OH
+ H2
4Li + O2 2Li2O
7. Excess oxygen gas is mixed with ammonia gas in the presence of platinum. 7O2 + 4NH3 4NO2 + 6H2O
Pt
Anhydrides
1. Excess water is added to solid calcium hydride.
LiH + H2O
+ Li
OH
+ H2
SO3 + H2O
+ 2H
2SO4
Na2O + H2O
+ 2Na
2OH
K2 O + H 2 O + 2K + 2OH
16. Solid sodium cyanide is added to water. NaCN + H2O HCN + Na+ + OH-
Li2O + H2O
+ 2Li
2OH
BaO + H2O
2+ Ba
2OH
3. Magnesium metal is added to dilute nitric acid, giving as one of the products a compound in which the oxidation number for nitrogen is -3.
+ 10H
+ 2H2O I2 + H2 + 2OH
2I
2-
2-
+ 8H
6. Solutions of potassium iodide, potassium iodate, and dilute sulfuric acid are mixed.
5I
+ 3H2O + 3I2
IO3 +
+ 6H
3+ 2Fe
4+ Sn
2+ 2Fe
8. Metallic copper is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid. Cu + 2H+ + H2SO4 Cu2+ + SO2 + 2H2O
+ 4H
2Br
H2O2 + + 2H2O + I2
+ 2H
2I
+ 8H
2-
14. Sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled through an acidified solution of potassium permanganate.
15. A solution containing tin(II) ions is added to an acidified solution of potassium dichromate.
2+ 3Sn
+ 14H
2-
+ 4H
2H2O 2H2 + O2
18. Pellets of lead are dropped into hot sulfuric acid. Pb + 2H+ + H2SO4 2H2O + SO2 + Pb2+ (or PbSO4 )
19. Potassium permanganate solution is added to a solution of oxalic acid, H2C2O4 , acidified with a few drops of sulfuric acid.
+ 2MnO4 + 5H2C2O4 + 6H 2+ 2Mn + 10CO2 + 8H2O
Fe +
3+ 2Fe
2+ 3Fe
21. A concentrated solution of hydrochloric acid is added to powdered manganese dioxide and gently heated.
+ 4H
+ 4H
2-
+ 2H2O + O2 + 4H + 2Cu
2+ 2Cu
+ 2H
2+ 2Fe
+ 4H
28. A solution of formic acid, HCOOH, is oxidized by an acidified solution of potassium dichromate.
Fe +
3+ 2Fe
2+ 3Fe
+ 4+ 2+ Sn + 2Fe
2+ Sn 3+ 2Fe
32. Concentrated hydrochloric acid solution is added to solid manganese(IV) oxide and the reactants are heated.
+ 4H
+ 8H
36. Chlorine gas is bubbled into a cold solution of dilute sodium hydroxide.
37. A solution of potassium permanganate is mixed with an alkaline solution of sodium sulfite.
2MnO4- + 2OH- + SO32- SO42- + H2O + 2MnO42or 2MnO4- + H2O + 3SO32- 3SO42- + 2OH- + 2MnO2)
40. Solutions of potassium iodide and potassium iodate are mixed in acid solution.
5I
+ 3I2 + 3H2O
IO3 +
+ 6H
H 2 O2 + + Br2 + 2H2O
+ 2H
2Br
42. Chlorine gas is bubbled into a cold, dilute solution of potassium hydroxide.
43. A solution of iron(II) nitrate is exposed to air for an extended period of time.
2+ 4Fe
+ O2 + 4H2O + 2Fe2O3 + 8H
44. A stream of chlorine gas is passed through a solution of cold, dilute sodium hydroxide.
OH
H2S +
OH
H2O
+HS
3. A solution of sulfuric acid is added to a solution of barium hydroxide until the same number of moles of each compound has been added.
+ 2H
2-
2+ Ba
2OH
4. A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate until the same number of moles of each compound has been added.
2OH
6. Equal volumes of 0.1-molar sulfuric acid and 0.1-molar potassium hydroxide are mixed.
+ 2H
2-
+ K
OH
OH
8. Excess sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled through a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide. SO2 + H2O H2SO3 H2SO3 + 2OH- 2H2O + SO32SO2 + 2OH- H2O + SO32-
9. Sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled into an excess of a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide. SO2 + H2O H2SO3 H2SO3 + Ca2+ + 2OH- CaSO3 + 2H2O SO2 + Ca2+ + 2OH- CaSO3 + H2O
10. A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of calcium hydrogen carbonate until the number of moles of sodium hydroxide added is twice the number of moles of the calcium salt.
2+ 2OH +Ca
11. Equal volumes of 0.1M hydrochloric acid and 0.1M sodium monohydrogen phosphate are mixed.
+ H
+ HPO4 H2PO4
2-
12. Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through excess potassium hydroxide solution.
H2 S +
OH
H2 O +
HS
13. Ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas are bubbled into water.
2NH3 + CO2 + 3H2O + 2NH4 + 2OH + H2CO3 22OH + H2CO3 2H2O + CO3 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O + 22NH4 + CO3
14. Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide. CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H2CO3 + 2OH- CO32- + 2H2O CO2 + 2OH- CO32- + H2O
16. Excess potassium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
2OH
+ H2PO4
2H2O + PO4
3-
17. Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide.
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 2H2CO3 + 2OH CO3 + 2H2O CO2 + 2OH- CO32- + H2O
4NH3 +
2+ Cu
[Cu(NH3)4
2+ ]
+ ]
Cl
+ 2H
8. Excess dilute nitric acid is added to a solution containing the tetraamminecadmium(II) ion.
+ 4H
+ [Cd(NH3)4 + 2+ 4NH4 + Cd
2+ ]
2NH3 +
+ Ag
[Ag(NH3)2
+ ]
4NH3 +
2+ Zn
[Zn(NH3)4
2+ ]
[Al(OH)4
4NH3 +
2+ Cu
Cu(NH3)4
2+
14. Excess concentrated sodium hydroxide solution is added to solid aluminum hydroxide.
OH
+ Al(OH)3 [Al(OH)4
16. Pellets of aluminum metal are added to a solution containing an excess of sodium hydroxide.
2OH
17. A suspension of zinc hydroxide is treated with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution.
Al(OH)3 [Al(OH)4
2+ FeSCN
22. Excess concentrated potassium hydroxide solution is added to a precipitate of zinc hydroxide.
Zn(OH)2 +
2OH
2[Zn(OH)4]
2+ FeSCN
+ Ag
Ag(CN)2
2H2O2 O2 + 2H2O
2H2O2 2H2O + O2
NaHCO3
+ Na
HCO3
Addition
1. The gases boron trifluoride and ammonia are mixed.
3Ca + N2 Ca3N2
6Li + N2 2Li3N
3Mg + N2 Mg3N2
11. Samples of boron trichloride gas and ammonia gas are mixed.