ROMANESQUE ART, 1000-1200 Raoul Glaber (b. before 1000-d.

1050) white mantle of churches Feudalism, Monasticism, Pilgrimage Roads, Cluny Architectural Schools, vaulting, fire theory, galleries, crossing tower, radiating chapels, ambulatories, radiating chapels, chevet, Tympanum, historiated capitals

Map of Europe indicating principal pilgrimage routes through France to Santiago de Compostela, 11th/12th centuries

Main Pilgrimage Churches: St Martin, Tours [destroyed]; St Martial, Limoges [destoroyed], St Foi, Conques; St Sernin, Toulouse; St James, Santiago de Compostela, ca. 1078-1122

Romanesque, Plan, Cathedral of St James, Santiago de Compostella [Spain]

*Romanesque, int. St. James, gallery, barrel vaulted ceiling, compound piers

St. James, ext. [later additions]

Romanesque, Cluny, Church of Sts. Peter and Paul [third church] beg. 1088 [France] destroyed

Cluny III, reconstruction of elevation

Cluny III, remaining transept tower

Cluny III, plan [nave approximately 555 ft. long]

Romanesque, Church of S. Lazare, Autun, ca. 1120-1145 [France] with later additions

*Romanesque, Gislebertus [sculptor? patron?], Last Judgment, tympanum, entrance to S. Lazare, Autun, 1120-1145 [France}

Component parts of a tympanum

*Romanesque, S. Lazare, Annunication to the Magi, ca. 1125 [France], historiated capital

Romanesque, Flight into Egypt, S. Lazare, ca. 1125 [France]

THE GOTHIC (1137-16TH CENTURY) Gothische Abbot Suger (1081-1151) S. Denis, Abbey Church Ile de France First Gothic High Gothic Rayonnant Flamboyannt

Caen, Saint-Etienne, 1067-87 [Eglise des hommes]

Durham, Cathedral, 1087-1133, vaults 1093

Durham, Cathedral, int. with cross-ribbed vaulting

CROSS RIBBED VAULTING A method of spanning space involving 1) the division of the structure into bays; 2) each bay is constructed by a skeletal system of arches which intersect one another at right angles along the groin; 3) the voussoirs of each arch are formed out of stones which are carved to form a continuous ledge or lip, which supports arcs of filler stones (called webbing) A construction technique of spanning an interior space in stone using independent pointed arches which intersect one another at right angles along the groin and support arcs of stone webbing between the arches septpartite sexpartite quadripartite

Caen, Sainte-Etienne, interior, vaults built 1130

St. Denis, Abbey Church, west end rebuilt 1122

St. Denis, Abbey Church, plans, 8th century through 12th century

*St. Denis, Abbey Church, Ambulatory, from 1137

St Denis, Abbey Church, chevet plan

Schematic drawing of Chartres Cathedral

Chartres, Notre Dame, 1194-1250

FLYING BUTTRESS A method of adding support to the upper nave walls of Gothic cathedrals by transferring tension from cross-ribbed vaulting by arches to independently constructed buttresses located on the outside walls of the lower side aisles

Chartres, Notre Dame, flying buttresses, 1230-1250

Chartres, Notre Dame, plan

*Chartres, interior

Chartres, Notre Dame, Rose Window, north transept, ca. 1230-1235

Beauvais, Cathedral of S. Pierre, begun 1272, incomplete

Beauvais, S. Pierre, Choir

Beauvais, S. Pierre, vaults of choir

Salisbury Cathedral, 1220-125; west faade 1265; spire ca. 1320-30

Salisbury Cathedral, interior

Chartres, Notre Dame, west portal, ca. 1145-1155

Chartres, Notre Dame, west portal, jamb figures, ca. 1145-1155

*Reims, Notre Dame, Annunciation (ca. 1255) and Visitation (ca. 1230)

*Duccio, Maesta Altarpiece, 1308-1311, Siena, Pal. Pubblico

PAINTING MEDIA Paint: pigment, vehicle, binder Support: wall (mural),panel, canvas, paper (easel pictures) Tempera: egg yoke, gesso (gypsum), bole, cradelling Fresco: buon [true] fresco, fresco secco, fresco a secco [lapis lazuli, ultramarine] Buon fresco: arriccio [rough coat], intonaco, gionata[e], sinopia Transfer drawings: cartoon, incising, pouncing Oil painting: panel, canvas, size, ground, varnish

Duccio, Raising of Lazarus from Maesta

*Giotto, Virgin and Child Enthroned, 1305-1310 for Churchof the Ognissanti, Florence, presently Uffizi

Padua, Scrovegni [Arena] Chapel, exterior, cons. 1305

*Giotto, Frescoes of the Scrovegni Chapel, 1305-1306

Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Effects of Good and Bad Government, fresco, 13381340, Siena, Pal. Pubblico