VDB 1012

Learning Outcome 5
At the end of the lecture, students should be able to
Read technical, architectural and structural drawings

Unit Objective for Lecture 9

Types of drawings.
Converting architectural drawings to structural drawings.

Extract different sections

Project discussions

Types of drawings
Architectural
Structural

Architectural drawings
An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a

technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture. As documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, architecture defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or any other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.

Architectural drawings: elements

The exact proposal on how the structure should be

built, examples:
types of material to be used steel/concrete; also in the

aesthetic aspects of the building Shape, height and location of windows/doors The location of bathtub, kitchen sink, stairs

Elements of architectural drawings

Floor plans. These sheets will show the location of

the walls of the building, and identify components like doors, windows, bathrooms, and other elements. There will be dimensions noted as distances between, or from center to center of walls, width of openings for windows and doors, and changes in floor elevations, if the floor is multilevel. Floor plans consist of various levels of detail depending on the stage of the project.

Elements of architectural drawings

Ceiling plans. Here, the architect will show the types,

heights, and other feature of ceilings in different locations in the building. Roof framing plan. These pages will indicate the layout for joists, rafters, trusses, bar joists, or other roof framing members, as well as decking and roofing details.

Elements of architectural drawings

Finish schedule. This is usually a table listing the

different finishes in each individual room. It should list paint colors for each wall, flooring type and color, ceiling height, type, and color, wall base, and other notes and details for constructing the finish in areas listed. Door/Window schedule. This table will have a list of doors, describing the opening, "hand" of doors, window information (often keyed off of the floor plan, example, window or door type "A", "B", etc.).

Structural drawings
Structural drawings are part of the language the same

structural engineers use to communicate with contractors, fabricators and regulatory bodies. These drawings describe the details of an object's supporting members, such as beams and columns, which are designed by the structural engineer. Examples of elements described in structural drawings are LOAD BEARING elements such as beams, columns, trusses, roof framing, braces, steel connections, concrete footings, pile foundations, metal decking, joists, stairs and handrails.

Structural drawings: elements

Quantify the materials to be constructed in order to

erect the structures:

Size and location of beams, columns, slabs etc

These elements must be calculated according to the design standards i.e. BS, AS etc

Converting architectural drawings to structural drawings.

In architectural drawing, the location of the structural

elements are usually proposed i.e. the location of beams, columns and stairs. Structural engineers usually adhere to these proposal unless it is not possible to be constructed. Structural drawings only refers to LOAD BEARING elements.

Extract different sections

To show the inside details of a component it is

imagined to be cut or sectioned along a plane, the cutting plane. Cutting planes are designated with capital letters, such as A-A in Figure 2.4a.
The arrows indicate the direction to view thecomponent when defining the sectioned view.

 The side of the plane nearest

the viewer is removed and the remaining details are shown as a sectional view, as demonstrated with section X-X in Figure

Extract different sections

clarify details
show internal features clearly reduce number of hidden detail lines required

aid dimensioning
show cross-section shape clarify an assembly

Extract different sections

Extract different sections

Title Block

Title Block

TYPES OF PLAN

TYPES OF PLAN: Plan view

In architecture and building engineering, a floor plan,

or floorplan, is a drawing to scale, showing a view from above, of the relationships between rooms, spaces and other physical features at one level of a structure. Dimensions are usually drawn between the walls to specify room sizes and wall lengths. Floor plans may also include details of fixtures like sinks, water heaters, furnaces, etc. Floor plans may include notes for construction to specify finishes, construction methods, or symbols for electrical items.

TYPES OF PLAN: Plan view

Reference Grid
A reference grid underlying floor plans which shows

the buildings' structural elements and provides guidelines for depicting floor areas. By applying the same grid to all of a buildings floors, you can ensure consistency between floors.

Project discussions

Unit Objective for Lecture 9

Types of drawings.
Converting architectural drawings to structural drawings.

Extract different sections

Project discussions