Mandibular movements

The condyle of the mandible articulates with the skull on the temporal bone at the tempromandibular joint.

The starting position is intercuspal position (centric occlusion).

From this position, the mandible can: 1. open and close (hinge movement). 2. Forward movement (protrusive movement). 3. Backward movement (retrusive movement). 4. Lateral movement (right and left movement).

The intercuspal position (centric occlusion).

1. Open and close movement (hinge movement).

2. Forward movement (protrusive movement).

the condylar movement

in protrusive movement, the condylar path forms condylar angle with the horizontal plane. This condylar angle differs from one person to another.

3. backward movement (retrusive movement). It is similar to the protrusive movement but in the reverse direction.

4. lateral movement (right and left movements.).

These movements start from intercuspal position to the right or to the left and back again to the same position.

Significance of studying mandibular movements:

1. Designing, selection and adjustment of articulator. 2. Understanding the principles of occlusion. 3. Treatment of TMJ problems.

Jaw relations
The jaw relation is the relation of the maxilla to the mandible.

1. Vertical relation:

Vertical dimension at rest (rest V.D) .

Vertical dimension when the teeth or record blocks are in occlusion (occlusal V.D) .

2. horizontal relation : a) Centric relation. The relationship between maxilla and mandible which provide maximum intercuspation.

b) eccentric relation:
Protrusive position.

Right Lateral position.

left Lateral position.

Articulator

Articulator
It is a mechanical instrument that represents the tempromandibular joints and jaws.

Articulator
Maxillary and mandibular casts are attached to it.

Functions of articulator:
1. Act as a patient in the absence of the patient. 2. Mandibular movements are translated to the articulator. 3. Arrangement of artificial teeth.

Types of articulators:

Articulators

Plaster slab

Simple hinge

Mean value

Semi-adjustable

Fully-adjustable

1. Plaster slab articulator:

It is formed by extending the plaster to the posterior parts of upper and lower casts. (relator)

2.Simple hinge articulator:

It consists of two arms joined by a hinge and posterior screw adjustment that can increase or decrease the distance between the two arms. It produces the simple opening and closing movements (hinge movement).

simple hinge articulator

A hinge B upper bow

C vertical stop D lower bow

3. Mean value articulator

It has two arms and two joints representing the tempromandibular joints. It can produce hinge movements and eccentric movements. The condylar path is fixed at a fixed angle (30-40)

Mean value articulator

A condylar path fixed at a fixed angle (30-40). B upper bow

C incisal post E lower bow D incisal table

Semi adjustable condylar path articulator

It can produce hinge and eccentric movements.
The horizontal condylar angle can be recorded from the patient. Lateral condylar angle produced from equation.

a b c d e f

upper bow lower bow condylar hinge incisal table incisal pin incisal post

fully adjustable condylar path articulator

It can produce hinge and eccentric movements.
The horizontal condylar angle can be recorded from the patient. Lateral condylar angle also can be recorded from patient.

Requirements of articulators
1. Must keep the correct vertical and horizontal relationship of the patient. 2. The casts are easily removed and reattached. 3. Must be accurate, rigid and of non corrosive material. 4. The condyles should allow right, left and protrusive movements.

Thank you