Effect of cobalt addition of SnO2 nanoparticles by using hydrothermal method

and its capacitor applications

K. Karthikeyan1, D. Kalpana2, S.B. Lee1, I.C. Jang1, H.H. Lim1, Y.S. Lee1
1
Faculty of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
2
Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, India

Introduction Results and discussion

FTIR spectrum
 Supercapacitors (ECs) or ultracapacitors are being widely used for energy storage in
many applications, such as portable electronic devices, and electrical vehicles etc. XRD patterns
Sn0.2 Co0.8O2

 The supercapacitor resembles a regular capacitor except that it offers very high

(110)
Sn0.4Co0.6O2

(101)

(211)

(112)(301)
capacitance in a small package.

(200)
Sn0.2Co 0.8O2

% Transmittance
Sn0.6Co 0.4O2
Sn0.4Co0.6O2

Sn0.8Co0.2O2
Sn 0.6Co 0.4O2

Intensity (A.U)
SnO2
Sn0.8Co0.2O2

1000 800 600 400

-1
SnO 2
Wavenumbers (cm )

20 30 40 50 60 70 80
2 theta (deg)

 The peaks observed at 650, 603, 561 are typical

for Sn-O stretching vibrations. Similarly the peak
 The intensity of the diffraction peaks increases with the
at 483 cm-1 corresponds to the Co-O-Co
increase in the Co content, which indicates the enhancement
stretching mode, which is not available for the
of the crystallization of the materials
bare SnO2.

Advantages Disadvantages
 Unable to use the full energy
TEM images
 Virtually unlimited cycle life
spectrum
 Low impedance
 Low energy density
 Simple charge methods  Cells have low voltages
 When the Co content
increased from 0.2 to 0.8 the
 Cost-effective energy storage  High self discharge
particle sizes decreased from
2.59 nm to 2.36 nm.

Classification of ECs  The doping of Co in SnO2

(a) - SnO2 has an influence on the
crystallite size and the
Electrochemical double Redox capacitors (RC)
(b) - Sn0.8 Co0.2 O2
addition of Co decreases the
layer capacitor (EDLC)  Stores energy by utilizing the
(c) - Sn0.6 Co0.4 O2
growth of the crystalline
(d) - Sn0.4 Co0.6 O2 grains of SnO2.
 Stores energy by double layer, which is pseudocapacitance, which is
formed by the charge separation arising from the redox reactions
(e) - Sn0.2 Co0.8 O2
between the electrode/electrolyte of active materials
interface
 Metal oxides – NiO, MnO2, IrO2
 Electrode materials – high surface area and RuO2 Cyclic Voltammetry studies
carbon such as Activated carbon,
Carbon aerogel, Carbon mat, etc.  Conducting polymers: PANI,
Polythiophene etc.
12
 The cyclic voltammogram of
9

6
pure and Co-doped SnO2 in 1
3
Current (A g )
-1

0
M H2SO4 recorded at 10 mV/s
 Among all of the electrode materials, RuO2 exhibits a higher specific capacitance, -3

-6
scan rate.
good electrical conductivity and stability. However, the high cost and scarce material -9 SnO2

retarded its commercial acceptance -12

Sn0.8Co0.2O2
Sn0.6Co0.4O2
 From the CV, a maximum
-15 Sn0.4Co0.6O2
 A cheap material with equivalent performance is required. Transition metal oxides -18
Sn0.2Co0.8O2
capacitance of 840 F/g was
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0
have been considered as promising materials for supercapacitors. Potential (V) obtained for the Sn0.6 Co0.4 O2.

Conclusions
Aim of the work Preparation
Stoichiometric amount of SnCl2  SnO2 and Cobalt doped SnO2 materials were prepared using low
 To replace RuO2 with cheap and CoCl2 in 50 ml 0.1 M NaOH
temperature hydrothermal method.
transition metal oxide. solution and stirred
 XRD reveals that the substitution of Co affects the crystal
 Cobalt doped tin oxide simples
structure of SnO2 and increases the crystallization of the materials.
have been synthesized by Add 10 ml ethylene glycol
hydrothermal method for followed by heating to dissolve  TEM images shows that SnO2 and Sn1-x CoxO2 particles are well
supercapacitor application.
developed and have spherical morphology with an average size of
 Supercapacitive behavior of
Transferred to teflon autoclave 2-4 nm.
Sn1-x CoxO2 samples were
and heated at 180 0C for 24h.  Cyclic voltammetry curves show rectangular-like shape which
evaluated by cyclic
voltammogram (CV) in 1 M reveals the capacitive behavior of the materials.
H2SO4 recorded at 10 mV/s scan Sn1-x CoxO2 particles were
 Maximum capacitance of 840 F/g is obtained from Sn0.6 Co0.4 O2 in
rate. separated by centrifuge and dried
at 600 C for 12h 1 M H2SO4 recorded at 10 mV/s scan rate.

CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY