Hydraulic Systems and

Applications
 Objectives
• Basic hydraulics theory.
• Method of determination of output given
input and configuration of given hydraulic
systems.
• Basic operation, principle components, and
safety considerations related to hydraulic
systems.
 References
• INE Chapter 15
 Shipboard Hydraulic
Systems
• Steering gear (rudder, stern planes, etc.)
• Deck machinery: Anchor windless,
winches, capstans
• Weapons systems: Gun mounts, launchers
• Other applications: Hydraulic presses,
ramps, elevators, catapult retractor, blast
shields, valve operations, etc.
 Properties of Liquids
• Shapelessness
– No natural shape
– Conforms to the shape of the container
• Incompressibility
• Transmission of force
– Force is equally distributed throughout the
liquid in all directions
 PASCAL’S LAW

Pressure in a fluid acts

equally in all directions
 Find Pressure
PRESSURE = Find F2
FORCE/AREA

F2 = 200 lbf
A1 = 20 in2

F1 = 20 lbf

A1 = 2 in2
Pressure =
10 psi
 Simple Hydraulic System
• Reservoir - Storage Tank
• Pressure source - Hydraulic pump (A-end)
• Pressure user - (B-end)
– Hydraulic motor - rotary motion
– Hydraulic cylinder - linear motion
• Piping systems
– valves, filters, heat exchangers
• Accumulator - stores pressurized oil
• Hydraulic fluid (normally oil)
 Advantages of Using Oil
As a Hydraulic Fluid.
• Non-corrosive
• Superb lubricant
Basic Hydraulics
 Axial Piston, Variable
Stroke Pumps
• Waterbury Pump
– Electric Motor
– Rotary Piston hydraulic pump/motor
• Hydraulic pump ("A" end)
• Hydraulic motor ("B" end)
Variable Stroke Pump
“A End”
“A End”
 “B End” Piston

Piston Cylinder RAM

Seal

Hydraulic Fluid Supply/Return Ports

“B End” Pump
 Advantages of
Hydraulic Systems
• Convenient method of power transmission
over long distances
• Great flexibility
• Variable speed control
• Safety and reliability
 Disadvantages of
Hydraulic Systems
• Need for positive confinement
• Fire hazard if leaks occur
• Leaks in high pressure systems pose a
safety hazard
• Adequate oil filtration must be maintained
 Electro-hydraulic
Steering Gear
• Ram unit
– Tiller
– Cylinder
– Hand pump
– Follow-up Shaft
 Electro-hydraulic
Steering Gear
• Power unit
– Electric motor
– Waterbury pump (A end)
– Transfer valves
– Remote steering unit
– Trick wheel
Steering Unit
 Methods of Steering
Control
• Normal control from ship's bridge
– Utilizes remote electrical signal to control tilt-
box position of hydraulic pump
• Alternate control from after steering
– "Trick wheel” manually operated to control
tilt-box angle
• Emergency control
– Hand pump - Manually pressurizes hydraulic
fluid to take local control of rudder
Summary