SHYAM SINGH

Roll no 1807362
Computer science 3RD year
Haryana Engg college
Contents

 Oracle architecture
 Creating database
ORACLE ARCHITECTURE

 INSTANCE
 DATABASE
INSTANCE

 BUFFER CACHE
 SHARED POOL
LIBRARY CACHE
DATA DICTIONARY CACHE
 REDO LOG BUFFER
 JAVA POOL
 LARGE POOL
SHARED POOL
 LIBRARY CACHE
SHARED SQL AREA
SHARED PL\SQL AREA
 DATA DICTIONARY CACHE
DATABASE BUFFER CACHE

 DIRTY BUFFER
REDO LOG BUFFER

 REDO ENTRY

 IN CASE OF INSTANCE FAILURE

IT IS USED FOR RECOVERY
PURPOSES
DATABASE

 TABLE SPACE
 CONTRO FILES
 ONLINE REDO FILES
CONTROL FILE
 Defines current state of physical
database
 Maintains integrity of database
 Required:
– At MOUNT state during
database start up
– To operate the database
 Linked to a single database
 Loss may require recovery
TABLE SPACE

 A table space is a logical database

structure
 That is designed to store other
logical database structures
 Oracle sees a table space as large
area of space into which Oracle can
place new objects.
ONLINE REDO LOG FILE
 Record all changes made to data
 Provide a recovery mechanism
 Can be organized into groups
 At least two groups required
 Online redo log files provide the
means to redo transaction in the
event of database failure
BACKGROUND PROCESS

 PMON
 SMON
 CKPT
 LGWR
 DBWR
PMON (Process Monitor)

Cleans up after failed processes by:

 Rolling back the transaction
 Releasing locks
 Releasing other resources
SMON
 Automatically recovers the instance:
– Rolls forward changes in the redo logs
– Opens the database for user access
– Rolls back uncommitted transactions
 Coalesces free space

Deallocates temporary segments
LOG WRITER

• There is a COMMIT
• The redo buffer log
is one-third full
• There is more than
1 MB of redo
CKPT

→ Updating datafiles headers with

checkpoint information
→ Updatting controlfile with
checkpoint information
Database Writer (DBW0)

DBW0 writes when:

 There are many dirty buffers
 There are few free buffers
 Timeout occurs
 Checkpoint occurs
CREATE DATABASE

THREE METHODS TO CREATE THE DATABASE

 OFA (ORACLE FLEXIBLE ARCHITECTURE)
 ORACLE CONFIGURATION ARCHITECTURE
 OMF (ORACLE MANAGE FILE)
 OFA
 MAKE A FOLDER IN ADMIN , USALLY NAMED THE NAME OF YOUR
DATABASE
 MAKE FIVE FOLDER IN THAT FOLDER NAMED AS :
1. PFILE
2. CREATE
3. UDUMP
4. CDUMP
5. BDUMP
PFILE

 IN PFILE WE MAKE INIT.ORA FILE

INIT.ORA
 IT CONTAIN THE VALUE OF THE PARAMETERS
db_name=first
instance_name=frist
db_block_size=4096
shared_pool_size=30000
log_buffer=20000
background_dump_dest='E:\oracle\admin\frist\bdump'
core_dump_dest='E:\oracle\admin\frist\cdump'
user_dump_dest='E:\oracle\admin\frist\udump'
undo_management=auto
undo_tablespace=undotbs
compatible=9.2.0.0.0
remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive
control_files='E:\oracle\oradata\frist\control01.ctl'
CREATE

 IN
CREATE FOLDER WE MAKE A TEXT
DOCUMENT NAMED AS CREATE.SQL
CREATE.SQL
 IT CONTAIN THE SCRIPT AS FOLLOW:-
create database frist
Datafile 'E:\oracle\oradata\frist\system01.dbf' size 40m
logfile group1("E:\oracle\oradata\frist\redo01a.log","E:\oracle\oradata\frist\redo01b.log") size
20m group2("E:\oracle\oradata\frist\redo02a.log","E:\oracle\oradata\amrit1\redo02b.log")
size 20m
undo tablespace undotbs
datafile 'E:\oracle\oradata\frist\undo01.dbf' size 100m
default temprary tablespace temp
tempfile 'E:\oracle\oradata\frist\tempfile01.dbf' size10m
max logfiles 5
maxlogmembers 5
maxinstances 1
maxdatafiles 50
maxloghistory 1
CREATE SERVICE
 Create a service to make database
compatible with the operating
system
 oradim –new –sid first –intpwd sys
 Initpwd create a password file in
ora92
LOGIN
 LOGIN AS
 USER NAME:SYS
 PASSWORD:SYS
STARTING INSTANCE
 WRITE THE STATEMENT
STARTUP PFILE ‘PFILE PATH’ NOMOUNT
THEN YOU WILL CONNECT TO A
IDIAL INSTANCE
 THE INFORMATON ABOUT THE
PARAMETER IS THEN SHOWN
Creating database
 Run the script create.sql which is stored in the create folder
 Run two another script
catalog.sql and catproc.sql are to make the data dictionary and making
database compatible with the sql and pl\sql
TABLE SPACE

 Table space are of two

types
1. System table space 2 Non system tablespace
-> Created with the database -> Separate undo, temporary,
-> Required in all database application data and application
index segments
-> Contains the data dictionary
-> Enable more flexibility in database
-> Should not contain user data,
administration
although
it is allowed -> Separate data by backup
requirements
-> Separate dynamic and static data
-> Control amount of space allocated to
a user
THANKS
 ANY
OUERY….?