KYOTO PROTOCOL

Kyoto Protocol
Introduction
It

is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) that set binding obligations on the industrialised countries to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases.

History

Signed on 11th December,1997 Location Kyoto, Japan Effective on 16 February ,2005 Signatories 83 countries Ratifiers 191 states(as on sept. 2011) The protocol was developed under the UNFCCC

Structure (separation)
The Kyoto Protocol separates countries into

two groups:- Annex I includes developed nations, while Non-Annex I refers to developing countries. Emission limitations are only placed on Annex I countries. NonAnnex I nations participate by investing in projects that lower emissions in their own countries.

Cont.
For these projects, they earn carbon credits.

These credits can be traded or sold to Annex I countries, which allow them a higher level of maximum carbon emissions for that period.

Objectives

To contain emissions of the main anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) in ways that reflect underlying national differences in GHG emissions, wealth, and capacity to make the reductions. The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is the "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere .

Cont

Minimizing Impacts on Developing Countries by establishing an adaptation fund for climate change. Compliance. Establishing a Compliance Committee to enforce compliance with the commitments under the Protocol.

Kyoto Protocol and Govt. Action

:-

India

Signed and ratified the Protocol in August, 2002.

In 2005, India accounted for 5% of global GHG

emissions. Over the time period 19002005, India's contribution to the global total of cumulative energy-related CO2 emissions was 2%.

Policies in India related to greenhouse gas emissions have included

The 11th Five Year Plan, which contains mandatory and voluntary measures to increase efficiency in power generation and distribution. Increased use of nuclear power and renewable energy. Policies designed to increase tree and forest cover. Expanded electricity supply to villages

Policies and Measures

Enhancement of energy efficiency
Increase use of new and renewable forms of

energy Limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.

Kyoto Protocol- Success or failure?

The Kyoto Protocol, while well intentioned,

would appear to be doomed to failing its objectives even before the 2008-2012 averaging period commences. Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are rising at a frightening rate with no sign of slowing. Global temperatures are continuing to rise.

Thank you

Presented by Ankit kumar