Principles and practice of

management
Search questions
 What are the elements of a control
system?
 What are some points about a formal
management review?
Elements of the control
system

 A detailed plan

 Reporting system

 Analysis and review

 Procedures for corrective action

Analysis of reported data.

 Reported data must be analysed with

respect to planned performance

 The analysis must extract deviation

from plan
Analysis and review
 Deviation must be brought to the attention of
those levels which have authority to take
necessary corrective action
 Shortfalls in technical performance, falling
behind schedule and excessive under or over
utilization of resources must be noted for action
 Results of this analysis usually reported by
exception or variance
Formal management review
 A critical element in a control system
 An element of the supervision process
 Directly related to achievement of programme
operational targets
 Pre-planned investigations into details of
programme performance
 They should occur at all levels
 The formal review should occur at times natural to
the lifetime of programme plan (milestones)
Formal management
review
 The formal review should demonstrate
performance, schedule and resource
use through personal inspection and
satisfaction
 The review process has a vital positive
impact on personal performance
 The review will also identify personnel
training needs
Formal management
review
 Supervision should be seen as an arm
of training
 The programme as a whole should be
reviewed by an appropriate external
group
 Enables areas to be identified for
special study & systems research to
improve programme implementation
Corrective action
 The culmination of the management control
system
 At times the corrective action taken may be to
recognize the realities of the situation and to
change the plan
 To the extent possible procedures and
authority for corrective action should be
planned ahead
 Performance in taking corrective action as the
situation demands is an important
demonstration of the manager’s ability
Corrective action
 A major part of the manager’s effort should be
devoted to corrective action measures, changing
personnel assignments, securing more resources,
moving supplies, ensuring continuing
education,etc.
 Delegation of responsibilities
 The ability of a manager to conceptualise and
operate the management control system will have
an impact on the ultimate success of the
programme