EDUCATION / TRAINING PROGRAM CREATED BY LDS

A PRESENTATION ON THE BASICS OF SAP2000 V15 PART 2 CREATING A 4-STOREY RC BLDG MODEL

What is SAP2000?

Version 15

How Are Commands Entered?

Like many other software, the SAP 2000 program commands are entered in two ways: 1. By pointing, i.e., you use the mouse pointer to select menu item, object such as joint, frame, etc. 2. By typing many selections in the drop-down menus cause dialog boxes to appear wherein fields are ready for manual inputting of the required value / parameter. Unlike STAAD, it does not have the editor / text facility wherein you can directly write commands; it only uses the graphical user interface (GUI) as shown next page.

The Interface

How to Create a Basic Project, e.g. a 4-storey RC Bldg:

Click File Menu (first option on the top left) Select > New Model or the button directly below the File menu option to create a new model. The screen look at this stage:

The New Model form allows you to quickly choose a template that most resembles the structure you have in mind. If you do not want any particular structure template and want to build your model from scratch, you may choose the Grid Only option. A baloon appears as you hover the cursor above the selected icon as shown:

Choose the metric or SI units as follows:

Click the dropdown button and select kN, m, C, as shown:

You will then see this 2-view screen; by default, SAP2000 always show 2 views of the project one 2-dimensional (floor) and the other 3d.

Define the materials; SAP2000, by default, always show 2 materials one 4000psi concrete and one A992fy50 steel; click Add New Material if you wish to use material other than those appearing by default:

Suppose we want to add a 6000psi concrete material: click Concrete button in the Quick Material Definition form and select fc 6000 psi;

After clicking ok, the new material (fc 6000psi concrete) is now added in the Define Material form; click OK to exit.

 Click Define in the Main Menu, then Materials in the dropdown menu, then Frame Sections in the second dropdown menu as shown:

How to Create Rectangular / Square Sections for the beams and columns:

A new form Frame Properties appears; click Add New Property button, the Add Frame Section Property form appears; click the Rectangular button as shown:

A new form Rectangular Section appears; enter the section name in the first field Section Name, say BEAM 1 (as shown); in the next field Material click button and select the 6000psi; then input the dimensions of BEAM 1, say 0.5 in the Depth field and 0.25 in the Width field, as shown:

Click the Reinforcement button at the bottom of the Rectangular Section form; the Reinforcement Data form appears; you may change the concrete cover suitable to your section named BEAM 1; in this example, BEAM 1 section is intended for tie beams at grade level; enter 0.05 at Top field, and 0.075 at Bottom field, as shown; click the radio button corresponding to Beam; click ok to close the Reinforcement Data form; click ok in the Rectangular Section form to close it; you will then see that the BEAM 1 section is added at the Properties field of the Frame Properties form.

To add another section, select the Add New Property button again in the Frame Properties form; the Rectangular Section form opens again; type BEAM 2 in the Section Name field, as shown:

Repeat the steps done in the process of creating BEAM 1, until you find the BEAM 2 section is added at the Properties field of the Frame Properties form, as shown; next create the column section COL 1; open the Rectangular Section form again by clicking the Add New Property in the Frame Properties form; click the Concrete Reinforcement button to open the Reinforcement Data form; click the radio button corresponding to Column, and enter appropriate details in all the fields, as shown:

Guide to filling up the Reinforcement Data form for column section :

For column shear reinforcement ; select the radio button for Ties for rectangular or square cross section, and Spiral for circular column sections. For external column, the usual concrete cover is 50 mm or 0.05m. For internal columns, the usual concrete cover is 40 mm or 0.04 m. Enter the number of main bars along the 3-dir face. Enter the number of main bars along the 2-dir face. Select the main bar diameter, say 25M (25 mm diameter) Enter the confinement bars (shear reinforcement) diameter, say 10M (10 mm dia) Enter the number of legs of ties along the 3-dir face; for 1 set of tie, there will be 2 number of legs along the 3-dir face; for 2 sets, 4 legs, and so on. Enter the number of legs of ties along the 2-dir face; for 1 set of tie, there will be 2 number of legs along the 2-dir face; for 2 sets, 4 legs, and so on.

After following the aforementioned guides, you should now see this screen:

Now, click OK to close the Reinforcement Data form; then click OK in the Rectangular Section form to close the same; the section COL 1 should now appear in the Frame Properties form, as shown; click the OK button to close the form.

Now that we have defined our frame sections, we are ready to define our area sections, i.e., the slabs; click the Define in the Main Menu; then Section Properties, then Area Sections in the dropdown menus, as shown:

The Area Sections form now appears; select Shell, for slab section; then click Add New Section; the Shell Section Data form appears as shown:

Select radio button Shell thin; input the material 6000psi and input 0.15 in the thickness fields Membrane and Bending; then click the Modify/Show Shell Design Parameters button;

To add another area section, click Add New Section again in the Area Section form; type FS as name of new slab (say for suspended floor slabs); repeat all the steps done in creating the GS area section but input 0.2 in the thickness fields Membrane and Bending; do the same for the area section RS for roof slab; the screen should appear as below; click OK to close Shell Section Data and click OK to close the Area Sections form.

The screenshot when doing the area section RS (roof slab):

Now we are ready to draw the objects : frame sections (beams BEAM 1 and BEAM 2, and column COL 1) and area sections (ground slab GS, floor slab FS, and roof slab RS); click Draw from the Main menu; select Draw Frame/Cable/Tendon; alternatively, we can use the short-cut method by clicking this icon

The Properties of Object form appears; select Straight Frame for Line Object Type field as shown:

Select COL 1 for Section field as shown:

Select the Continuous option as you have fixed ends condition for the column COL 1 in the Moment Releases field, as shown:

The Properties of Object form should now look as shown below; click x to close the form.

Now we are ready to draw the columns; set the first 2D view of the model to the X-Z plane, and specify y =0, as shown:

The 2D view is now set to X-Z plane at y = 0 as shown (the info is highlighted in the red rectangle); click Draw in the Main Menu, select Draw Frame/Cable/Tendon, the Properties of Object form appears; when you hover the cursor at any joint, it turns into a red circle; click the bottom joint at the leftmost side to become the start joint and bring the cursor up toward your end joint (top most joint) to define your first column; repeat the process for all the other columns in this view

We can copy or replicate the whole X-Z plane columns into the parallel X-Z planes (3 nos. @ 6 m ctc); select all the columns to be copied; click Edit in the Main Menu; select Replicate as shown:

The Replicate form appears; enter the distance along the y axis of the destination plane, i.e., 6 at the dy field; the number of times this process will be repeated is 3 so enter this value at the Number field as shown:

After clicking OK, the Replicate form closes; the columns would have been copied as shown:

Now we are ready to draw the grade beams at ground floor; set the 2D view to X-Y plane at z = 0; click Draw in the Main Menu; select Draw Frame/Cable/Tendon; the Properties of Object form appears; select BEAM 1 at the Section field; select Continuous at the Moment Releases field as you have fixed ends condition for the beam.

Bring the cursor at the start joint of the first beam, say at the leftmost joint (at 1/A), cursor turns to a red circle, click the joint and bring the cursor to the end joint (1/D) to draw the first grade beam;

Replicate or copy the beams along the Grid Line 1 to Grid Lines 2, 3 & 4; select all the beams along Grid Line 1; click the Edit in the Main Menu; select Replicate; the Replicate form opens up; type 6 in the dy field and 3 in the Number field;

Click OK; the beams should have been copied as shown:

Set the 2D- view to X-Y plane at z = 3; draw the floor beams in the entire floor in the same manner as the grade beams were drawn;

Replicate or copy the beams at the floor level z = 3 to the floor levels z = 6 & z = 9; click Edit in the Main Menu; select Replicate; in the Replicate form, enter 3 in the dz field, and 2 in the Number field; after clicking OK, all the beams should have been copied accordingly.

Set the 2-D view to X-Y plane z = 12; to draw the roof beams BEAM 2, repeat the steps done in creating the grade beams; select BEAM 2 in the Section field of the Properties of Object form; the screen should look as shown when the roof beams have all been drawn:

When all the beams and columns are drawn properly, the screen must look as shown:

To draw the ground slabs, set the 2-D view to X-Y plane, z = 0; click Draw in the Main Menu, select Quick Draw Area, as shown:

The Properties of Object form appears, select the ground slab GS at Section field, as shown:

Draw all the ground slabs by clicking on the icon for Quick Area Draw on any point within the spaces representing ground slabs, as shown

Set the 2-D view to X-Y plane, z =3; click Draw in the Main Menu; select Quick Draw Area; in the Properties of Object form, select FS at the Section field; draw the floor beams by clicking on all the spaces representing floor slabs; to replicate or copy the floor beams to the upper levels; click Edit in the Main Menu, select Replicate ; in the Replicate form; enter 3 in the dz field and 2 in the Number field, then press OK

Once you have completed drawing all the slabs (or area sections as referred to in SAP2000), your model looks like as shown:

You should now see the fixed support symbols at the 3D view pane of the screen, as shown:

The Joints Restraints form opens up; click on the appropriate spaces for restraint to be active, unclick to release; for fixed support all six DOFs should be clicked on or simply click on the button , as shown; click OK to exit.

To specify fixed supports condition at the ground floor, select the joints at the ground floor by clicking on all the joints, click Display in the Main menu, select Joint Restraints, click on the fixed icon, as shown:

To specify the joint constraint condition between the slabs and beams, click on the Define menu, then Joint Constraint, type in DIAPH1 (or any other name you prefer) as name of your constraint, as shown:

To specify the constraints at the ground floor, select all the objects (joints, beams and slabs) at the ground floor by sweeping a rectangular cursor from left to right, the click Assign in the main menu, then Constraint, as shown:

Select DIAPH1 in the Assign Define Constraints form, as shown, then click OK

To specify the joint constraints at the roof slab, set 2D view at roof level (z=12 in our model), select all objects therein, click Assign in the main menu, then click Constraints, as shown:

Select DIAPH3 in the Assign Define Constraints form, as shown, then click OK; do the same procedure for assigning constraints in levels 1 , 2 and 3, by selecting DIAPH2 in the Assign Define Constraints form

Now we have physically completed our structural frame model; we are now ready to assign loads; let us first assign gravity loads (selfweight) of the roof slabs; set the 2D view at the roof slab; click on all the roof slabs (you should see those rectangles with dashed lines inside each deck panel when properly selected); click Assign in the main menu; then click Gravity (ALL), as shown:

The Area Gravity Loads form appears, type in 1 in the Global Z field, and make sure DEAD is selected in the Load Pattern Name field, as shown, and click OK

You should now see the screen like this:

To assign superimposed uniformly distributed area dead load (e.g., roof waterproofing and thermal system = 1 kPa), select all the roof slabs, click Assign in the main menu, click Uniform (Shell), as shown:

The Area Gravity Loads form Appears, type in 1 in the Global Z field, make sure DEAD is selected, click on the radio button Replace Existing Loads if you want to replace any previous load assignment or Add Existing Loads if you want to add the load to a previous or existing load assignment, as shown:

You should now see your screen like this:

Suppose you want to add concentrated or point load at the roof (to idealize your 4 nos. AC condenser weight for example); select the appropriate joints as shown in the 2D view:

Click on the Assign in the main menu, then Joint Loads in the dropdown menu, then Forces, as shown:

The Joint Forces form appears, select DEAD in the Load Pattern Name field, then type in 5 (assuming your condenser weighs half a ton each), select Add Existing Loads radio button or Replace Existing Loads button, as applicable, as shown

Now, maybe an additional concentrated or point laod is required on the roof beam (say a half ton equipment) located 2 m from the end of the beam at GL 3/B-C; select that beam, as shown:

Click Assign in the main menu, then Frame Loads, then Point, as shown:

The Frame Point Loads form appears, select DEAD in the Load Pattern Name field, select the appropriate unit KN,m,C in the Units field, type in 2 at the first Distance field and 5 in the corresponding Load field thereof, as shown, tehn clickOK to close the form:

Repeat the process in creating dead loads (area, point or beam loads) for live loads and other type of manually assigned loads, selecting LIVE or others in the selection as appropriate in the Load Pattern Name field, as appropriate, for all the other floor levels in order to complete all the load assignments in our model. THIS CONCLUDES THIS TUTORIAL

Created by : LDS for GS CAS