PRINCIPLES PAVEMENT DESIGN

By
Sri. A. Ramesh, (Ph.D)

Objectives

To understand the need for rational design of Pavement To understand how pavements fail functionally or structurally. Key parameters to be consider for design It makes us understand the differences of different Pavement design approaches

For What Purpose Are Pavements Being Built And Where

Pavements is a structure which are intended to carry vehicular traffic

pavements are provided at
Air

These

Ports Terminals Highways Terminals

Types of Pavements

Un Surfaced

Earthen roads Gravel roads Bituminous Road Cement Concrete Road

Surfaced

Un

Conventional
Pavement

Block

Further Classification of Pavements

Flexible Pavements

Earthen Roads Gravel Roads Bituminous Roads

Reinforced Concrete Plane Concrete Roads

Rigid Pavements

GRAVEL ROADS

Bituminous Pavement with Shoulder

Components of Flexible pavement

Load Dispersion in Flexible LOAD DISPERSION IN FLEXIBLE Pavements PAVEMENTS

Black Topping

Base
Sub Base
300mm

Sub Grade

450

450

Rigid Pavement

Reinforced Cement Concrete Pavement Details

PAVEMENT DESIGN

It is very challenging task compared to any other structure

Complex loading
Complex

behavior for various climatic

condition It is difficult in colleting information on performance modeling for various materials.

DESIGN PARAMETER
Pavement

Type No. Layers Layer Materials Joint Spacing for RCC

External Parameters

Sub grade Strength.

Soil type, Strength, drainage Characteristics. No. Vehicles, type of vehicle, Speed, Load Total Rainfall in year, Seasonal Distribution. Temperature (Max, Min, Daily Seasonal)

Traffic loading.

Climatic Condition.

What Does Design means?

For any given facility design is a process of selecting appropriate values of parameters in such away that facility performs satisfactory.

Key words

Design parameters Performance

PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE

Functional Performance

Surface Characteristics eg. Pot holes, Cracks, Rutting, Variation in longitudinal profile It is desirable to ensure that the surface characteristics are with in acceptable limits

FATIGUE

Fatigue cracking

STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE

Mostly of the distress/ defects, Rutting are caused by traffic loads

Some are also caused by non load associated factors

Temperature, moisture, poor quality of materials, inadequate maintenance. if the pavement shows load associated distress it is considered to have failed structurally. Eg. Cracking, Rutting, Bleeding in Flexible Mud pumping, Blow up in CC Pavement

RUTTING

Rutting in wheel paths

Reflection cracking at PCC Joints

For What Pavement is to Be Design?

Functional

Performance

For road user FP is matter

Structural

Performance

For designer SP is matter

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Empirical Criteria

Correlated to simple parameters like CBR, Soil Index, Sub-grade. They do explain Load Vs Stress for different materails. As result Empirical Methods cope up with new materials

Mechanistic Empirical Criteria

MECHANISTIC EMPIRICAL CRITERIA

Explain different phenomena (Stress, Strain Deflection) occurring in the pavement & the physical causes is explained using mathematical modeling. Advantageous.

Can Handel varying load condition, new materials. Contribution of different materials components is better understood and thus optimal utilization is possible More reliable and is called as rational.

Empirical Approach Drawbacks

Cannot cope with novel materials or pavement structures.

It is like driving a car by only looking in the rear vision mirror, you could only be sure where you had been, but not where you were going

PERFORMANCE CRITERION IS HEART OF PAVEMENT DESIGN

Design of Flexible Pavements

BUILDING BETTER ROADS BUILDING THE NATION