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The definition of a conceptual framework. Where the conceptual framework appears in the research. Developing the conceptual framework. The presentation of the conceptual framework. The good and bad of conceptual frameworks. Conclusion.
A written or visual presentation that: explains either graphically, or in narrative form, the main things to be studied the key factors, concepts or variables and the presumed relationship among them. (Miles and Huberman, 1994, P18)
The philosophical assumptions about the nature of the world and how we understand it - positivism. Aims and objectives: What we want to know and how the answer may be built up. Literature review: A critical and evaluative review of the thoughts and experiences of others. Conceptual framework: Provides the structure/content for the whole study based on literature and personal experience Specific questions that require answers. Research questions: Data collection and analysis: Methodology, methods and analysis. Interpretation of the results: Making sense of the results. Evaluation of the research: Revisit conceptual framework.
The philosophical assumptions about the nature of the world and how we understand it e.g. interpretivism. Aims and objectives: What we want to know and how the answer may be built up. Literature review: A critical and evaluative review of the thoughts and experiences of others. Research questions: Specific questions that require answers. Data collection and analysis: Methodology, methods and analysis. Interpretation of the results: Conceptual framework develops as participants views and issues are gathered and analysed. Evaluation of the research: Revisit conceptual framework.
Literature review: Prior related theory concepts and relationships that are used to represent the world, what is happening and why. Prior related research how people have tackled similar problems and what they have learned. Other theory and research - approaches, lines of investigation and theory that are not obviously relevant/previously used.
Soft systems.
COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
1. KNOWLEDGE
2. PERSUASION
3. DECISION
4. IMPLEMENTATION 5. CONFIRMATION
Observations of the decision making unit 1. 2. 3. Socio-economic characteristics Personality variables Communication behaviour
Perceived characteristics of innovation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Relative advantage Compatibility Complexity Trialability Observability 2. Rejection 1. Adoption Confirmed Adoption Later Adoption
Discontinuance
Continued Rejection
Rogers 2003
Changing customers
Product expectations
Experience
Values
Lifestyles
Demographics
Quality
Price
Purchasing
Information
Range
Knowledge
Priorities
Health
Physical
Service
Access
Individuality
Loss of loyalty
A triangle of needs
Self Esteem
actualisation
Maslow 1954
SOCIAL CONTINGENCY THEORY Who ge ts to go? He ge mony class Indiv idual not part of mass
Adv antage s
Disadv antage s
Type s of tourism
POST STRUCTURALISM Foucault - fre e dom and control Knowle dge - powe rs
Cruise r impacts
POST M ODERNISM Baudsilard - Hype s re ality Goffman - frontstage / Backstage authe nticity
Culture/ places
Environment
People
Jennings 2001
A means of setting out an explanation set that might be used to define and make sense of the data that flow from the research question.
An filtering tool for selecting appropriate research questions and related data collection methods. A reference point/structure for the discussion of the literature, methodology and results. The boundaries of the work.
Conclusion
Thus it can be/will be the focus/starting point of the evaluation of originality in terms of the criteria outlined by Hart (1998). For example:
Is what has been focussed on entirely new?
Is the way the subject been investigated different to the normal approaches?
Has new light been shed on previously explored issues?
The End
References
References
Hart C. (1998): Doing a Literature Review. London, Sage. Jennings G. (2001): Tourism Research. Australia, John Wiley and Sons. Maslow A (1954): Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, M. A. (1994): Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook (2nd edition). Beverley Hills, Sage. Rogers, E.M. (2003): Diffusion of Innovations. 5th Edition. London, Simon and Schuster. Smyth R. (2004): Exploring the Usefulness of a Conceptual Framework as a Research Tool: A Researcher's Reflections. Issues In Educational Research, Volume 14. Yin R. K. (1994): Case Study Research: Design and Methods. (2nd edition) California, Sage.