United Arab Emirates University Faculty of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Graduation Project II
Fall 2010

DESIGN OF A MODERN HIGH-RISE BUILDING IN ABU-DHABI

Thursday 13 January 2010 Student Name ID Number

Advisor : Dr. Aman Mwafy Examination Committee: Dr. Hany Maximos (Faculty) Dr. Amr Sweedan (Dept.) Dr. Bilal El-Ariss (Dept.)

Abdulrahman Abdulla Alili

Mohammed Amer Al-Ameri Wadah Abdulla Ahmed

200409918
200416269 200540613

Amr Ezzat Abdel-Havez

200540677

Objectives

The Graduation Project is divided into two main phases, namely GPI and GPII. The three-dimensional (3D) analytical modeling of the 60-story building, load calculations and verifications of the analytical model were performed in GPI. Tasks and results of this phase are briefly presented in this report. The second phase of the project focus on designing different structural members of the high-rise building such as floor slabs, beams, columns, shear walls and foundations using latest analysis software and modern design codes.

Original Building

Building After Modifications

Design process
Requirements Specifications Conseptual Design Embodiment Design (Simulation Model) Detailed Design

Specification:
Building should be design according to: ACI 318-05 Code. IBC 2009/ASCE 7-05 for calculating the wind loads. Structural Analysis programs: CSI ETABS CSI SAFE PROKON

Requirement:
Plan area: 1750.2 m2 Total number of stories: 60 Typical Story height: 3.5 m Use of the building: residential building Used materials: normal and high strength material and reinforcing steel

Summary of GPI

Geometric and Load Modeling

Structural elements modeling (beams, slabs etc..)

Load modeling

Hand Calculations
Actions and deformations Preliminary Cost Estimate

Summary of GPI
30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Earthquake Load Wind Load E-W

Hand Calculation
1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000

ETABS Results

Dead Load Live Load

Hand

ETABS Results

GPII Tasks

Verified three dimensional analytical model of a typical 60-story building, representing the modern tall buildings in the UAE.

Design different structural elements, including the complete design of suitable floor slab systems, such as solid slabs and flat slabs, at different story levels of the high-rise building using the SAFE and PROKON programs.

Optimized design of shear walls using the latest version of the ETABS program
with different load combinations and different cross section sizes and reinforcement ratios to arrive at the most cost-effective design.

Design of columns and different types of beams. Design of stairs and the piles foundation system. Final Cost Estimates.

Design of slab systems

Diaphragms and slabs can be defined as a structural system that resist, collect and distribute the lateral forces, either earthquake or wind, in the horizontal planes of a structure

then transmit them to the vertical bearing elements (shear walls, frames) then to the
foundation and the ground.

In GPII we have designed three types of slab systems

1- Flat Slab
2- Hollow Block Slab 3- Solid Slab

Flat Slab

Hollow Block Slab

Solid Slab

Design of Hollow Block slabs

Design as a TSection

Hollow Block slabs

Different alternatives of the slab dimensions are considered. We started with a depth equals to 250 mm, which led to a deflection that

exceeds the
maximum allowed value. To overcome this issue, we increased the depth of the slab to 350 mm by having two

layers of blocks each has 150 mm height, which produced safe deflection

Increasing the width of ribs Increasing the depth & number of blocks Increasing of the reinforcement

Solid Slabs
Wu=1.2WD+ 1.6WL == 16.98 kN/m2 Mu = 13.262 kN.m/m
Rn=[Mu/ (

= 2.62 = 0.0065

As= bd=487.5 mm2

use 7 bars #10

Flat slabs
Exporting three slabs:

The following three slabs are exported from ETABS to SAFE: Ground story slab. 17th story slab. 37th story slab. Two critical load combinations are selected to extract results from SAFE, 1.4 SDL+1.4 O.W+ L.L+ 1.4 EQX) a

1.4 SDL+1.4 O.W+ L.L+ 1.4 EQY).

The design process of flat slabs is started by determining the most optimum thickness of the slab. The optimum thickness can be determined by selecting the slab thickness and verifying the deflection

Slab Optimum thickness

Ground story slab thickness equals to 200 mm: L/360 = 22.2 mm L/240 = 33.33 mm d = 200 25 = 175 mm ` = As`/ bd = 0.003686 = / 1+ 50 ` = 1.6887

L < L/360 L + add < L/360 add = * D = / 1+ 50 ` = As`/ bd

where = 2
L < L/360 5.22 < 22.22 O.K D = 13.5 + 13 = 26.5 add = * D = 44.71

Increase the ts and check

L+ add < L/360 49.93 > 33.33

unsafe, we have to increase the thickness.

Safe

Unsafe

Design of flat slabs

Three strips are defined for each slab, two middle strips and one column strip, as shown below. The defined strips are used to calculate the maximum bending moment, as shown in Figures
Strip # S1 x S2 y S3 y Direction X direction Y direction Y direction Strip width (m) 1 4 4 Strip type Column strip Middle strip Middle strip

Design of flat slabs

Example :Ground story After extracting the maximum positive and negative moment, each is divided by the strip width to get the bending moment per unit length and calculate the corresponding reinforcement

Strip No. S1x S2y S3y Strip No. S1x

+M 123.3 229.13 298.78

-M 240.9 600.3 196.9 0.00457

+M/width 123.3 57.28 74.695 As = bd 1188.2

-M/width 240.9 150.1 49.2 Mesh top & bot. 616

+M/width 123.3

Strip No. S1x S2y S3y

-M/width 240.9 150.1 49.2

As = bd 2410 1457.64 463.46

Amesh 1188.2 1188.2 1188.2

As - Amesh 1221.8 269.44 ----

Additional Reinf. 616 412 ----

As Strip No. S1x S2y S3y -M/width 240.9 150.1 49.2 As = bd 2410 1457.64 463.46 Amesh 1188.2 1188.2 1188.2 Amesh 1221.8 269.44 ---Additional Reinf. 616 412 ----

Check of Punching Shear

Vu = Vc + Vs
(1
s

Vc1 =

f c' bod 6

Element Col-1 Col-2 Col-3

Vc (KN) 595.9 1115.94 2147.66

f Vc (KN) 446 836.96 1610.745

Vu (KN) 161.88 275.08 151.8

fVu (KN) 242.82 357.6 197.34

Decision Safe Safe Safe

fc ' b d d o Vc2 = ( 2) b 12
o

Vc3 =

fc ' b d o 3

Best Alternative
Flat Slabs Hollow Block Slabs Decision Based on
Efficiency/ Construction

Cost

- The choice of the slab system for the 6060.00

stor building is based on the cost and performance

Cost in Millions AED

50.00 40.00

- The hollow block slab system is more

expensive than flat slabs. Moreover, flat slabs are much easier in construction, and therefore the flat slabs are selected.

30.00
20.00 10.00 0.00 Floor slabs cost Hollow block slab

Stairs
Design of stairs using hand calculations
Wu = 16.08kN/m2 Wu X 0.3 load of each stair = 16.08 X 0.3 = 4.824 kN/m

(M max)= (Wu x L2)/2= (4.824 x 1.452) /2 = 5.07 kN .m

.

STEP 1: Determine steel ratio ()

Rn = [Mu/ (= (5.07*106)/ (0.9*300*(195)2) = 0.49 = (1- ) = 0.00117 min = 0.003521

STEP 2: Determine As
As= bd = 0.003521*300*195= 206 mm2

Stairs
[ use 3 bars#10]

Stairs
Reinforcement distribution

3#10 /step

3#10 /step

Reinforcement details of stairs

Beams
Design of hidden beam Design of edge beam Design of connecting beam
B1

Connecting beams

Beams
Design of hidden beam using hand calculations
(M max) = (Wu x L2)/8 =168.44 (KN.m) STEP 1: Determine steel ratio () Rn= = = 0.975 = (1- ) = 0.002361 min = 0.003521 from Eqn. 13 max= 0.0216 from Then min max use min STEP 2: Determine As

Beam cross section

d= Beam height cover = 450 -50= 400 mm As = b d = 0.003521 1200 400= 1690.1 mm2 From Ref [11] , Table B.4 use 9 bars # 16 From Ref [11], Table B.5 One layer

Beams
Design of hidden beam using Prokon

Beam deflection

Bending moment diagram of the hidden beam

Beams

Design of edge beam using hand calculations

Slab Load: Dead load from slab = 48.03 kN/m Live load from slab = 8.5 kN/m Beam own weight Edge beam cross section hb= 620 mm O.W Beam= bw hb c = ((0.250.24) + (0.81 0.38)) (25) = 9.195 kN/m) Wall own weight O.W wall = bw hw = 0.25 2.88 10 = 7.2 (KN/m) Effective Length bw + 6t= 0.25+ (60.38)=2.53 bw + L / 12=0.25 +(6.7/12)=0.81m bw + b0= 0.25+ 4= 4.25 m

Effective width (bE)= Smaller of

Then, Effective length (bE)= 0.81 m = 810 mm

Beams
Design of edge beam using Prokon

Long-term deflection

Moment x-x

Beams
Reinforcement distribution

Reinforcement distribution

Beams
Design of connecting beams

Check if its coupling or conventional beams:

Conventional beams Length divided by height

From ACI code

Greater than 2

[3/1]= 3 greater than 2 .ok

Beams
Design of connecting beams using ETABs & Prokon

Input data in prokon

Beams
Design of connecting beams using ETABs & Prokon
Level Beams No. B1_1 Reinforcement Flange Width 750mm Bending Moment M=1270.42 KN.m 8 T 25 M=1660.9 KN.m 10 T 25 625mm M=1537.34 KN.m 9 T 25 M=763.82 KN.m 5 T 25 M=895.1 KN.m 6 T 25 M=767.92 KN.m 5 T 25 M=760.1 KN.m 5 T 25 M=820.9 KN.m 5 T 25 M=679.5 KN.m 4 T 25 Shear Force V=865.2 (KN) 4 T 8@ 120 mm V= 1047.6 (KN) 4 T 10 @ 150 mm V= 1072.71 (KN) 4 T 10@ 120 mm V= 620.4 (KN) 4 T 8@ 150 mm V= 716.71 (KN) 4 T 8@ 120 mm V= 619.9 (KN) 4 T 8@ 150 mm V= 630.37 (KN) 4 T 8@ 150 mm V= 637.1 (KN) 4 T 8@ 150 mm V= 564.4 (KN) 4 T 8@ 200 mm

ground story levels

B1_2 Reinforcement B1_3 Reinforcement B2_1 Reinforcement

625mm

750mm 625mm 625mm 750mm 625mm 625mm

17th story levels

B2_2 Reinforcement B2_3 Reinforcement B3_1 Reinforcement

36th

story levels

B3_2 Reinforcement B3_3 Reinforcement

Data outcome form Prokon & ETABS

Shear Walls
Design shear walls using ETABs

Selected shear walls

Shear Walls
Design process
o Define pier section.

o Pier section data.

o Section designer. o Assign pier section. o Assign general Reinforcing pier section. o Start design of section.

Shear Walls
General reinforcing Pier Section

The D/C ratio indicates the demand over capacity:

D/C Ratio less than 1 section is safe in flexure D/C Ratio greater than 1 Section is unsafe

Shear Walls
Optimization

As(min) = (0.25/100) Ag

Level

Layout (1,2 and3)

Wall P3S P2SS P1SS P4S P5 P6 P7

Reinforcement 6#12@167mm 6#12@167mm 6#12@167mm 6#12@167mm 6#12@167mm 5#12@200mm 6#16@167mm

Columns
Design columns using ETABs
Columns name
No. of columns

Col(1-20)
8

Col(2-20)
4

Col(2-40)
4

Columns dimension

(1000x300)

(1500x400)

(1500x300)

Columns
Columns reinforcement detail

Columns
Check safety of columns

If columns un-safe:
Increase columns dimension
Increase concrete strength

Design of Foundation
Using Safe program 709 piles have been distributed among the raft area.

Foundation Results
Point loads representation due to applied loads.

Foundation Results
Deformed shape.

Foundation Results
Strip # 1 in X-direction Strip # 2 in Y-direction Strip # 3 in Y-direction

Foundation Reinforcement
Reinforcement detailing for the raft foundation

Cost Estimate
Beams
Beams (cost) = width length depth number of stories cost of one m3

Columns
Columns (cost) = width length height number of stories cost of one m3

Cost Estimate
Shear Walls
Shear walls (cost) = thickness length height number of stories cost of one m3

Floor slab
Flat slab (cost) =thickness net area cost of one m3 number of stories

Cost Estimate
Stairs
Stairs (cost) = Area Stairs thickness Factor (1.2) number of stories cost of one m3 = [(3 m 7 m)0.23 m1.2 60 stories 2500 (Dhs/ m3)]2= 1,738,800 AED

Excavation
Excavations (cost) = Depth Area Raft cost of one m3 = 11 m 1750.2 m2 50 (Dhs/m3) = 962,610 AED

Plain Concrete Raft Foundation

Foundations

Concrete Plan(cost)= Area Raft Thickness Cost of one m3 = (1750.2) m2 0.4 m 700 (Dhs/ m3)= 490,056 AED

Raft foundation(cost)= Area Raft Thickness Cost of one m3 = (1750.2) m2 3.2 m 2200 (Dhs/m3) = 12,321,408AED

170,969,819

AED

Pile Foundation
Piles foundation (cost)= Number of piles length of pile Cost of one meter = 709 piles 25 m 2800 (Dhs/m) = 49,630,000 AED

Cost Estimate
Final cost estimate of structural system
Cost in Million (AED)

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Project Management

Outcomes and Deliverable

Verified three dimensional analytical model for a typical 60-story building, representing the modern tall buildings in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Design different structural elements and establish full design of suitable floor slab systems, such as solid slabs and flat slabs, at different story levels of the high-rise building using SAFE and PROKON programs. Design of columns and different types of beams such as conventional.

Conclusion
The analytical model and modern design provisions have been employed in the second phase of the project (GPII) to fully design different structural members of the 60-story high-rise building.

Work in a group and write technical reports.