5-1 Introduction

5-2 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Known

Assumptions

5-2 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Known

5-2.1 Hypothesis Testing on the Difference in Means, Variances Known

5-2 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Known

5-2.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size

5-2 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Known

5-2.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size

5-2 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Known

5-2.3 Confidence Interval on the Difference in Means, Variances Known

5-2 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Known

5-2 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Known

5-2 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Known

5-2.3 Confidence Interval on the Difference in Means, Variances Known
Choice of Sample Size

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3.1 Hypothesis Testing on the Difference in Means

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3.1 Hypothesis Testing on the Difference in Means

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3.1 Hypothesis Testing on the Difference in Means

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3.1 Hypothesis Testing on the Difference in Means

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3.1 Hypothesis Testing on the Difference in Means

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3.3 Confidence Interval on the Difference in Means

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3.3 Confidence Interval on the Difference in Means

5-3 Inference on the Means of Two Populations, Variances Unknown

5-3.3 Confidence Interval on the Difference in Means

5-4 The Paired t-Test

A special case of the two-sample t-tests of Section 53 occurs when the observations on the two populations of interest are collected in pairs. Each pair of observations, say (X1j , X2j ), is taken under homogeneous conditions, but these conditions may change from one pair to another. The test procedure consists of analyzing the differences between hardness readings on each specimen.

5-4 The Paired t-Test

5-4 The Paired t-Test

5-4 The Paired t-Test

5-4 The Paired t-Test

5-4 The Paired t-Test

Paired Versus Unpaired Comparisons

5-4 The Paired t-Test

Confidence Interval for D

5-4 The Paired t-Test

5-4 The Paired t-Test

5-5 Inference on the Ratio of Variances of Two Normal Populations

5-5.1 The F Distribution
We wish to test the hypotheses:

The development of a test procedure for these hypotheses requires a new probability distribution, the F distribution.

5-5 Inference on the Ratio of Variances of Two Normal Populations

5-5.1 The F Distribution

5-5 Inference on the Ratio of Variances of Two Normal Populations

5-5.1 The F Distribution

5-5 Inference on the Ratio of Variances of Two Normal Populations

The Test Procedure

5-5 Inference on the Ratio of Variances of Two Normal Populations

The Test Procedure

5-5 Inference on the Ratio of Variances of Two Normal Populations

The Test Procedure

5-5 Inference on the Ratio of Variances of Two Normal Populations

5-5.2 Confidence Interval on the Ratio of Two Variances

5-5 Inference on the Ratio of Variances of Two Normal Populations

5-5 Inference on the Ratio of Variances of Two Normal Populations

5-6 Inference on Two Population Proportions

5-6.1 Hypothesis Testing on the Equality of Two Binomial Proportions

5-6 Inference on Two Population Proportions

5-6.1 Hypothesis Testing on the Equality of Two Binomial Proportions

5-6 Inference on Two Population Proportions

5-6 Inference on Two Population Proportions

5-6 Inference on Two Population Proportions

5-6 Inference on Two Population Proportions

5-6.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size

5-6 Inference on Two Population Proportions

5-6.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size

5-6 Inference on Two Population Proportions

5-6.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size

5-6 Inference on Two Population Proportions

5-6.3 Confidence Interval on the Difference in Binomial Proportions

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.1 Completely Randomized Experiment and Analysis of Variance

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.1 Completely Randomized Experiment and Analysis of Variance
The levels of the factor are sometimes called treatments.

Each treatment has six observations or replicates. The runs are run in random order.

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.1 Completely Randomized Experiment and Analysis of Variance

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.1 Completely Randomized Experiment and Analysis of Variance

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.1 Completely Randomized Experiment and Analysis of Variance

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.1 Completely Randomized Experiment and Analysis of Variance

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.1 Completely Randomized Experiment and Analysis of Variance

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.1 Completely Randomized Experiment and Analysis of Variance

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.1 Completely Randomized Experiment and Analysis of Variance

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

Which means differ?

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

Residual Analysis and Model Checking

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

Residual Analysis and Model Checking

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

Residual Analysis and Model Checking

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

Residual Analysis and Model Checking

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.2 Randomized Complete Block Experiment
The randomized block design is an extension of the paired t-test to situations where the factor of interest has more than two levels.

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.2 Randomized Complete Block Experiment
For example, consider the situation where two different methods were used to predict the shear strength of steel plate girders. Say we use four girders as the experimental units.

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.2 Randomized Complete Block Experiment

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.2 Randomized Complete Block Experiment
The appropriate linear statistical model:

We assume treatments and blocks are initially fixed effects blocks do not interact

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.2 Randomized Complete Block Experiment
The hypotheses of interest are:

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.2 Randomized Complete Block Experiment

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.2 Randomized Complete Block Experiment
The mean squares are:

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.2 Randomized Complete Block Experiment
The expected values of these mean squares are:

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.2 Randomized Complete Block Experiment

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.2 Randomized Complete Block Experiment

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

Which means differ?

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

5-8.2 Randomized Complete Block Experiment

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

Residual Analysis and Model Checking

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

Residual Analysis and Model Checking

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

Residual Analysis and Model Checking

5-8 What If We Have More Than Two Samples?

Residual Analysis and Model Checking