INTRODUCTION TO TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENTATION [ TSI ]

Introduction
TSI

is very important supervisory s/s for ensuring safe operation of turbine during startup ,rolling, loading & shutdown.

WHAT IS TSI ?
# Complex rotating machine like steam turbine needs very close monitoring and supervising certain physical phenomenon which it undergoes during various stages of operation like startup, loading, load changes and coasting down. # The TSI system is an aid which enables to interpret the information for safe and proper operation of steam turbine.In short System which supervises turbine with the help of instruments can be called as TSI. # To monitor some important parameters which directly or indirectly are linked & predict the healthiness of turbine.

AIM :-

Need of TSI
# In steam turbine some part of thermal energy is not able to convert into kinetic energy leading to variation in some critical parameters of turbine such as vibration,eccentricity,displacement etc.

ADVANTAGES OF TSI
Reducing

turbine Providing increased diagnostic and trouble shooting Giving early warning Preventing minor problem from developing Critical failure.
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the time required to roll the

TURBOVISORY PARAMETERS
VIBRATIONS - SHAFT VIBRATION , - BEARING VIBRATION TURBINE EXPANSION - ABSOLUTE EXPANSION [ HIP ] - DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION[HIP/LP ] - AXIAL SHIFT SPEED MEASUREMENT - KEY PHASOR ECCENTRICITY

LOCATIONS
KY EC BV

:-

SP1 SP2 BV BV BV DEL BV

BV

HEL HER

B1

HP

IP

B2

B3

B4

B5

GENRATOR

B6

SV2X DEHI SV1X SV1Y SI

SV3X

SV2Y
SP3

SV3Y

SV4X
SV4Y

SV5X
SV5Y

SV6X SV6Y

TSI

Key words
KY

key phasor EC- eccentricity HER,HEL Absolute expansion [HIP] DEHI,DEL- Diff. expansion [HIP] BV Bearing Vibration SVx,SVy Shaft Vibration [x & y direction]
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Measuring sensors for TSI : For

Amarkantak all measurements for TSI utilizes Eddy current probes [ Proximeter Probe ]

PROXIMETER GENERATES A FREQUENCY SIGNAL, WHICH IS RADIATED THROUGH THE PROBE TIP INTO THE TARGET SURFACE. EDDY CURRENTS ARE GENERATED IN THE SURFACE AND LOSS OF STRENGTH IN THE RETURN SIGNAL IS DETECTED BY THE PROXIMETER.

PROXIMITY PROBE/TRANSDUCER
SHAFT EDDY CURRENTS

SHAFT CENTRE
BACK EMF

FLUX INDUCED

-24 VDC VOLTAGE

COIL

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CONVERTER CONTAINS OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT & DEMODULATOR. THE OSCILLATOR CKT GENERATES HIGH FREQUENCY SIGNAL THUS RESULTING IN A HIGH FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD AROUND THE TIP OF EDDY CURRENT PROBE.WHEN THIS EDDY CURRENT FIELD ENCOUNTERES A MAGNETIC TARGET IT INDUCES HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENT & MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE TARGET WHICH IS OPPOSITE TO ITS ORIGINATOR.

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Non contact type

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PROCESSER CARD IN TSI:

PRINCIPLE OF WORKING # THE CARD REQUIRES DATA CURVE OF DISTANCE WITH RESPECT TO CONVERTER O/P VOLTAGE [I/P VOLTAGE OF CARD].THIS RELATIONSHIP IS MONITERED AT PANEL BY VARYING THE DISTANCE OF PROBE & NOTING DOWN THE O/P VOLTAGE OF CONVERTER.THIS DATA IS FED INTO THE PROCESSOR CARD VIA SOFTWARE FOR A PERTICULAR TYPE OF SENSOR. FUNTION OF PROCESSOR CARD # THE CARD GENERATES 4-20mA & DIGITAL O/P [DO] SIGNALS FOR DCS & RELAY O/Ps [ALARMS & TRIPS] RESPECTIEVELY WITH RESPECT TO THE CURVE DRAWN BETWEEN VOLTAGE & DISTANCE.

CURRENT O/P

20mA

VOLTAGE I/P

-20V

12mA

-12V

4mA

-4V

-2mm

0 mm

+2mm DISTANCE (mm)

a) Green LEDs: Status display channel and monitor monitoring. b) Red LEDs: Alarm status. d) RS232 interface socket for configuration and data exchange. e) Handle for pulling the monitor. f) Mounting screws.

RELATIVE SHAFT VIBRATION

RELATIVE

SHAFT VIBRATION IS BASED ON EDDY CURRENT PRINCIPLE.

Measuring Amplifier Proximity Pick-up

45O

45O

SHAFT

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Measuring Amplifier Proximity Pick-up

SHAFT

RECOMMENDED LOCATIONS OF SHAFT VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS

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Axial shift : Axial

shift measurement is linked with the net thrust acting on all the rotors due to the kinetic energy of steam. Axial shift beyond the permitted limit can cause damage of thrust bearing as well as can cause rubbing between moving & fixed blades. Range for LANCO Amarkantak is -2mm to +2mm.

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AXIAL SHIFT MEASUREMENT

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HP & LP DIFF. EXPANSIONS

Diff.

expansion is the relative expansion of rotor & casing at any time t . Rotating and stationary parts of the turbine undergo different rate of expansion under various condition of operation. This is mainly due to inherent difference in thermal inertia between rotating and stationary parts. Therefore any sharp temperature fluctuation could result in different magnitudes of expansions / contractions. Difference of axial expansion between rotor and casing is termed as differential expansion . Ranges for diff. expansions for LANCO Amarkantak are : HIP DIFF. EXPANSION = - 7 to +9 mm LP DIFF. EXPANSION = 0 to +16 mm

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KEY PHASOR
IT IS AN EDDY CURRENT BASED SENSOR. KEYPHASOR PROVIDES REFERENCE FOR ALL TSI MEASUREMENTS & RADIAL POSITION OF SHAFT.

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Speed pick-ups: It

is again an eddy current probe. Speed measurements is important because to maitain frequency of 50Hz with the grid, turbine must rotate at 3000 rpm. Turbine shaft contains slotted disc coller with 134 teeths mounted at ped. #1. 1rpm = 134 pulses [teeths] so 3000rpm = 3000 X 134 pulses

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 Eccentricity

means anything which is not concentric.It is measured as deviation of mass [rotor] centre from geometrical centre of bearing journal. It is an important measurement during the rolling of turbine. Every machine is built up with certain amount of eccentricity on account of deficiency in machining, sag due to its weight and the clearances at bearings. Eccentricity is due to temperature and other mechanical causes .

Eccentricity:-

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Absolute thermal expansion: In

HIP casing we measure the absolute expanion of the casing in front pedestal It actualy measures the expansion of HIP casing with respect to ground. Its measurement is carried out by using LVDT sensors

Left side sensor

Right side sensor

Bearing vibrations:Bearing vibrations are measured by using piezoelectric transducers.

BEARING VIBRATION SENSORS

There are 2 power supplies for the panel : main power supply= UPSDB [MCB4] Aux power supply = ACDB [2R4]
RED INDICATION INDICATES POWER SUPPLY HEALTHY

TSI panel details : -

FRONT

TSI CABINET

REAR

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ALARMS FOR OPERATORS

POWER SUPPLY FAILURE ALARMS :

MAIN SUPPLY FAIL AUX POWER SUPPLY FAIL MAIN & AUX POWER FAIL DC POWER FAIL.

PROCESS ALARMS:VIBRATIONS
-SHAFT VIBRATION HI , -BEARING VIBRATION HI

TURBINE EXPANSIONS
-ABSOLUTE EXPANSION [ HIP/LP ] HI -DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION[HIP/LP ] HI AXIAL SHIFT HI SPEED HI ECCENTRICITY HI

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Important parameter values

Parameters Speed Axial displ. Eccentricity Shaft vibration Diff. exp. [HIP] Measuring range 0-5000 rpm Alarming 3090 rpm Tripping 3300 rpm At -1.65 mm, & At +1.2 mm >0.25mm -4mm & +7mm

-2mm ~ +2mm At -1.05 mm, & At +0.6 mm 0- 100um 0- 400um -7 to +9mm <30um >0.127mm -3mm & +6mm

Diff. exp. [LP] Bearing Vibration

0 mm to + 16mm 0- 100um

+14 mm > 50um

+ 15mm >80um
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