By:-

Dhular Hassan
Hriday Bhowal
Jnanesh
Meaning
Six Sigma at many organizations simply means a
measure of quality that strives for near perfection.

Six Sigma is a disciplined, data-driven approach
and methodology for eliminating defects (driving toward
six standard deviations between the mean and the nearest
specification limit) in any process from product to service.
Key points
Motorola developed the six sigma methodology in the mid of
1980s.
In six sigma 3.4 defect per million opportunities are permitted. That
means 99.9997% products are defect free.
It is a statistical calculation for analyze the quality.
It is used for when problems are common place and not well
defined.
The main approach of six sigma for removing root causes.
Can implement in any level of Organization ( from top to bottom)


Benefits of Six Sigma
For the organization
Bottom line cost savings (5%-20% of turnover per annum)
Improved quality of product or service as perceived by the customer
Reduction in process cycle times
Development of staff skills & speed
World class standard

For the individual
Improved knowledge and skills
Ability to use a wide range of tools and techniques
A status that is recognized world wide

Sigma - level
=

( )
2
1

Sigma level =
min ( ,

3
Sigma results
Sigma % of product (defect free)
6 99.9997%
5 99.98%
4 99.3%
3 93.3%
2 69.15%
1 30.85%
0 6.68%
(Defects Per Million Opportunities)
In six sigma, on a long-term basis no more than 3.4
defect parts per million or 3.4 defects per million
opportunities (DPMO) are permitted.
DPMO
DPMO calculation
We observe 50 pizza is delivered incorrectly to the wrong
addresses in Bangalore during a single day when a total of
20000 pizza were delivered. What is the DPMO in this
situation?

DPMO =
50
1 20000
1000000

= 2500
So, for every one million Pizza delivered this city managers
can expect to have 2500 pizza incorrectly sent to the wrong
address.

DPMO Result
Sigma DPMO
6 3.4
5 230
4 6200
3 67000
2 31000
1 700000
}
}
}
World Class
Average
Non competitive
Role and Responsibilities in a six sigma organization
Master Black Belt :- typically assigned to a specific area such as marketing or
HR etc.. They work very closely and share information with the owners. The
responsibilities are;
To ensure that quality objectives
target are set
plans are determined
Black belt:- black belts are the hart of the six sigma quality initiative. The
responsibilities are;
Lead quality projects
Work full time until they are completed
Coach green belt


Green belt :- Green belts are employees trained in six sigma who spend a
portion of their time compelling projects, but maintain their regular role and
responsibility.

Six Sigma Methodology
Methodology
DMAIC DMADV
DMAIC
DMADV method is used for improving the quality
of Sigma, it is amore detailed version of PCDA
(plan, check, do and act).
DMADV
DMADV method is used for retain the quality of Sigma, it
also include application in product and process design or
reengineering
Analytical Tools for Six Sigma
Flow chart
Run chart
Pareto chart
Check sheet
Cause-and-effect diagram
Opportunity flow chart
Control chart