ADVERBS OF

MANNER
HOW?
Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives modify nouns.
A beautiful day An interesting idea
Adverbs modify verbs by telling us how we do something.
She works quietly. They write clearly.
Many adverbs are formed by adding ly to the adjective.
easy - easily careful carefully nice - nicely
A few words, like fast, hard, late and low, take the
same form as both adjectives and adverbs.
It was a late movie.
I stayed out late.
She had a hard time.
She studied hard.
Forming adverbs from adjectives
Many adverbs are formed by simply
adding ly to an adjective:
Adjective Adverb
beautiful beautifully
careless carelessly
cautious cautiously
courteous courteously
joyous joyously
quick quickly
Forming adverbs from adjectives
If an adjective ends in y if often
changed to i before the ly is added:
Adjective Adverb
angry angrily
easy easily
guilty guiltily
happy happily
hasty hastily
shabby shabbily
Forming adverbs from adjectives
If an adjective ends in le, the le is
dropped before ly is added:
Adjective Adverb
capable capably
comfortable comfortably
miserable miserably
simple simply
ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -LY
IN THIS CASES WE CAN USE A
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE WITH
FASHION, MANNER OR WAY.

HE SMILED ME IN A FRIENDLY
WAY.
PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVES
ENDING IN -ED
MOST OF THESE DONT HAVE
AN ADVERB FORM AND SO WE
USE A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
INSTEAD.

HE FACED THE COURT IN A
DIGNIFIED FASHION. (NOT..
DIGNIFIEDLY)

HOWEVER SOME DO
HAVE AN ADVERB FORM
WITH -LY
UNEXPECTEDLY
AGITATEDLY
DETERMINEDLY
WORRIEDLY
REPEATEDLY
EXITEDLY

HURRIEDLY
DISAPOINTEDLY
DESERVEDLY
SUPPOSEDLY
ALLEGEDLY

THE WEATHER TURNED
UNEXPECTEDLY STORMY.

SOME ADVERBS HAS TWO
FORMS, ONE ENDING IN LY
AND THE OTHER NOT.


SHE RAN QUICK/QUICKLY
TOWARDS THE DOOR.

CHEAP (LY)
CLEAN (LY)
CLEAR (LY)
FINE (LY)
LOUD (LY)
SLOW (LY)
THIN (LY)

IN SOME CASES THERE IS A
DIFFERENT MEANING WITH
AND WITHOUT LY.

I ARRIVED LATE TO THE
CONCERT.
I HAVENT SEEN JOHN LATELY.
Adjective
Adverb
(meaning)
Adverb
(meaning)
good well
difficult with difficulty
public publicy
deep deep (place) deeply (feeling)
direct direct directly (=soon)
hard hard hardly (=seldom)
high high (place) highly (figurative)
late late lately (=recently)
most most mostly (=usually)
near near nearly (=almost)
pretty pretty (=rather) prettily
short short shortly (=soon)
The following adjectives
are also used as adverbs
(without moficication)
daily, enough, nearly, far, fast, hourly,
little, long, low, monthly, much, straight,
weekly, yearly
In general: adjective + -ly
adjective example
slow slowly
Exceptions in spelling
exception example
Silent e is dropped in true, due, whole
true truly
y becomes i
happy happily
le after a consonant is dropped
sensible sensibly
After ll only add y full fully
Rules
Adjectives ending in ic: adjective + -ally
(exception: public- publicy)
adjective adverb
fantastic fantastically
Adjectives ending in ly: use in a way / manner
or another adverb with similar meaning
adjective adverb
friendly in a friendly way
in a friendly manner
likely probably
Rules
POSITION
They are usually placed after
the main verb or after the
object.
Examples:
He swims well, (after the main
verb)
He ran... rapidly, slowly,
quickly..



She spoke... softly, loudly,
aggressively..
James coughed loudly to attract
her attention.
He plays the flute beautifully.
(after the object)
He ate the chocolate cake
greedily.
BE CAREFUL! The adverb should
not be put between the verb and
the object:
He ate greedily the chocolate
cake [incorrect]
He ate the chocolate cake
greedily [correct]

If there is a preposition before
the object, e.g. at, towards, we
can place the adverb either
before the preposition or after
the object.
Example:
The child ran happily towards
his mother.
The child ran towards his
mother happily.



Sometimes an adverb of manner
is placed before a verb + object
to add emphasis:
He gently woke the sleeping
woman.

ADVERBS OF
PLACE.
WHERE?

also
know as
express where
the verb action is
carried out.

EVERYWHERE
NOWHERE
HERE
THERE
NEAR
FAR
BEHIND
AROUND
OUT, OUTSIDE

They are usually placed after
the main verb or after the
object:
Example:
after the main verb:
I looked everywhere
John looked away, up, down,
around...


I'm going home, out, back
Come in after the object:
They built a house nearby
She took the child outside


Upstairs The children were
playing upstairs

Outside The children were
playing outside.



POSITION
They are usually placed after
the main verb or after the
object:
Example:
after the main verb:
I looked everywhere
John looked away, up, down,
around...

I'm going home, out, back Come
in

after the object:
They built a house nearby

She took the child outside
ADVERBS OF
DIRECTION
Other adverbs of place: ending
in '-wards', expressing
movement in a particular
direction:
Backwards
Forwards
Downwards
upwards


Inwards
Outwards
northwards
southwards
eastwards
westwards
homewards
onwards

Example:
Cats don't usually walk
backwards.
The ship sailed westwards.

BE CAREFUL! 'Towards' is a
preposition, not an adverb, so it
is always followed by a noun or
a pronoun:
He walked towards the car.
She ran towards me.


expressing both movement and
location:
ahead, abroad, overseas, uphill,
downhill, sideways, indoors,
outdoors
Example:
The child went indoors.
He lived and worked abroad.

ORDER.
BEGINNING OF SENTENCE (before
the subject):

Connecting adverbs: Then, next,
however, suddenly, etc
Suddenly the door opened.
Next, a ghost floated into the room.


Comment adverbs: Luckily, unluckily,
fortunately, surprisingly, stupidly, etc
Stupidly, I forgot my keys.
Fortunately, she has decided to help us.

Frequency adverbs (special
emphasis, indefinite frequency):
usually, normally, often, frequently,
sometimes and occasionally (NOT:
always, ever, rarely, seldom and never).
Sometimes I think Id like to live
somewhere else.
Usually I get up early.



Some adverbs of certainty: maybe,
perhaps.
Maybe Im right.
Perhaps her train is late.
Adverbs of place (special emphasis):
here, there, at the end, etc.
Here comes your bus. The word order
changes in this sentence.
There she is.
On the bus sat a pretty girl with a blue
hat.




Adverbs of time (special emphasis):
today, in 1956, etc.
Today, Im going to London.
In June we went to Cornwall.

MID-POSITION (before the
main verb, after an auxiliary
verb or after be):
Adverbs of certainty: certainly,
definitely, clearly, obviously, probably;
He probably thinks you dont like him.
There is clearly something wrong.
It will certainly rain today.


Adverbs of frequency: never, rarely,
sometimes, often, usually, always, ever,
seldom, etc
We usually go to Scotland in August.
Im seldom late for work.
Focusing adverbs: even, only, also,
mainly, etc
Shes also my friend.
We are only going for two days.
Some adverbs of time: already, still,
finally, eventually, soon, last, just;
Shes still working in the office.
Theyve just arrived.


Adverbs of manner (when they are not
important): slowly, suddenly, happily,
etc
I slowly started to feel better again.
We will happily start moving to London
next month.

Some adverbs of degree: almost,
greatly, mostly, etc
Shes almost finished.
He totally agrees with you.

END OF SENTENCE (after the
verb):

Adverbs of manner: slowly, suddenly,
badly, quietly, etc
He drove off angrily.
You speak English well.

Adverbs of place: upstairs, around,
here, to bed, from school, etc
The children are playing upstairs.
Come and sit here.


Frequency expressions (definite
frequency) : once a month, every week,
etc
She buys the newspaper twice a week.
I visit my grandma every day.

Adverbs of time: today, finally, soon,
yet, etc
Im going to Paris today.
Shell be coming soon.

If theres more than one adverb after the
verb, the correct order is:

Manner + place + frequency + time + purpose
1 2 3 4 5

Beth swims enthusiastically in the pool every
morning before lunch to keep in shape.



Adverbs of degree tell us about
the intensity or degree of an
action, an adjective or another
adverb.
Common adverbs of degree:
Almost, nearly, quite, just, too,
enough, hardly, scarcely,
completely, very, extremely.


Adverbs of degree are usually
placed:
before the adjective or adverb
they are modifying:
e.g. The water was extremely
cold.
before the main verb:
e.g. He was just leaving. She
has almost finished.


Examples:
She doesn't quite know what
she'll do after university.
They are completely exhausted
from the trip.
I am too tired to go out tonight.
He hardly noticed what she was
saying.

ADVERBS OF CERTAINTY
These adverbs express how
certain or sure we feel about an
action or event.
Common adverbs of certainty:

certainly, definitely, probably,
undoubtedly, surely


Adverbs of certainty go before
the main verb but after the verb
'to be':
He definitely left the house this
morning.
He is probably in the park.


With other auxiliary verb, these
adverbs go between the
auxiliary and the main verb:
He has certainly forgotten the
meeting.
He will probably remember
tomorrow.




Sometimes these adverbs can
be placed at the beginning of
the sentence:
Undoubtedly, Winston Churchill
was a great politician.


BE CAREFUL! with surely. When
it is placed at the beginning of
the sentence, it means the
speaker thinks something is
true, but is looking for
confirmation:

Example:
Surely you've got a bicycle?