Psychology Prersentation

Group members
Adil Shahzad
Arslan Dost
Aziza Shaheen
Ikramullah Khan
Muneera Johar
 Objectives
• At the end of our
presentation learners will
be able to
– Define personality disorders
–
 Personality
• Personality refers to a distinctive
set of traits, behavior styles, and
patterns that make up our
character or individuality.
or
• Personality is made up of the
characteristic patterns of thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors that make
a person unique
 Cont….
• People with healthy
personalities are able to
cope with normal stresses
and have no trouble
forming relationships with
family, friends, and co-
workers.
Components of Personality
• Consistency - There is generally
a recognizable order and
regularity to behaviors.
Essentially, people act in the same
ways or similar ways in a variety
of situations.

• Psychological and
physiological - Personality is a
psychological construct, but
research suggests that it is also
influenced by biological processes
and needs.
 Cont….
• Impact behaviors and
actions - Personality does not
just influence how we move and
respond in our environment; it
also causes us to act in certain
ways.

• Multiple expressions -
Personality is displayed in more
than just behavior. It can also
be seen in out thoughts,
feelings, close relationships,
and other social interactions.
Personality disorders
• Is an enduring pattern of inner
experience and behavior that
differs markedly from the
expectations of the
individual's culture, is
persistent and inflexible.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American

Psychiatric Association, Fourth Edition, Text Revision
(DSM-IV-TR)
 Types
General characteristics of PD’s
Cluster A Disorders
Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal

Cluster B Disorders
Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic

Cluster C Disorders
Avoidant, Obsessive-Compulsive, Dependent
 • Paranoid
CLUSTER • Schizoid
A odd, eccentric • Schizotypal

CLUSTER B • Histrionic
dramatic, erratic • Narcissistic
• Borderline
• Antisocial

CUSTER C • Avoidant
fearful • Dependent
• Obsessive/Compulsive
 Types
• Antisocial Personality
• Obsessive compulsive disorders
• Dependent Personality
• Histrionic Personality Disorder
• Paranoia and Paranoid Disorders
• Schizoid Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality
Antisocial Personality
Disorder is a condition
characterized by persistent
disregard for and violation
of, the rights of others that
begins in childhood or early
adolescence and continues
into adulthood.
Antisocial Personality
Failure to conform to social
norms with respect to
lawful behaviors as
indicated by repeatedly
performing acts that are
grounds for arrest
Antisocial Personality
A common misconception is that
antisocial personality disorder
refers to people who have poor
social skills.Instead, antisocial
personality disorder is
characterized by a lack of
conscience. People with this
disorder are prone to criminal
behavior, believing that their
victims are weak and deserving
of being taken advantage of.
Antisocials tend to lie
Characteristics
• Lack of remorse for harm done to others
• Irritability and aggressiveness, as
indicated by repeated physical fights or
assault
• Dishonesty, as indicated by repeatedly
lying
• Consistent irresponsibility for safety of self
or others
• Disregard for the feelings of others
• Lying, stealing, other criminal behaviors
• Disregard for the safety of self and others
 Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
• People with OCD experience
both obsessions and compulsions.
– Obsessions are unwanted and
disturbing thoughts, images, or impulses
that suddenly burst into the mind and
cause anxiety or distress

– Compulsions are deliberate behaviors

(e.g. washing, checking, ordering) or
mental acts (e.g. praying, counting,
repeating phrases) that are carried out
to reduce the anxiety caused by the
obsessions.
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
While Obsessive-Compulsive personality
disorder (OCDP) sounds similar in name
to obsessive-compulsive anxiety
disorder, the two are markedly different
disorders.They avoid working in teams,
believing others to be too careless or
incompetent. They avoid making
decisions because they fear making
mistakes and are rarely generous with
their time or money. They often have
difficulty expressing emotion.
Obsessive Behaviors
– Fear of being contaminated by germs or
dirt or contaminating others
– Fear of causing harm to yourself or others
– Intrusive sexually explicit or violent
thoughts and images
– Excessive focus on religious or moral
ideas
– Fear of losing or not having things you
might need
– Order and symmetry: the idea that
everything must line up “just right.”
– Superstitions; excessive attention to
something considered lucky or unlucky
Compulsive Behaviors
– Excessive double-checking of things, such as
locks, appliances, and switches.
– Repeatedly checking in on loved ones to make
sure they’re safe.
– Counting, tapping, repeating certain words, or
doing other senseless things to reduce anxiety.
– Spending a lot of time washing or cleaning.
– Ordering, evening out, or arranging things “just
so.”
– Praying excessively or engaging in rituals
triggered by religious fear.
– Accumulating “junk” such as old newspapers,
magazines, and empty food containers, or other
things you don’t have a use for.
 PARANOID PERSONALITY
DISORDER

• Paranoid Personality Disorder is a

condition characterized by excessive
distrust and suspiciousness of others.
– People with PPD do not trust
other people
– core symptom of PPD is a
generalized distrust of other
people.
Characteristics
– Social isolation
– Avoid normal social interactions
– Aggressiveness and hostility
– Little or no sense of humor
– Feeling of insecurity
– Suspiciousness and distrust of
others
– Questioning hidden motives in
others
Characteristics
• Unwillingness to forgive
perceived insults
• Excessive sensitivity to
setbacks
• Projection of blame onto
others
• Consumed by anticipation
of betrayal
 Dependant
Personality
Dependent personality disorder is
characterized by an excessive need
to be taken care of or depend upon
others. Persons with this disorder are
typically submissive and display
clinging behavior toward those from
whom they fear being separated
 Dependant
Personality
Dependent personality disorder is
characterized by a need to be taken
care of. People with this disorder tend
to cling to people and fear losing them.
They may become suicidal when a
break-up is imminent. They tend to let
others make important decisions for
them and often jump from relationship
to relationship. Dependents often
remain in abusive relationships. Over-
sensitivity to disapproval is common.
Dependents often feel helpless and
depressed
 Characteristics
– Difficulty making decisions
– Feelings of helplessness when
alone
– Suicidal thoughts upon
rejection
– Deeply hurt by mild criticism
or disapproval
– Unable to meet ordinary
demands of life
 Characteristics
– Submissiveness
– Constant approval-seeking
– Fear of abandonment
– Hypersensitivity to criticism
– Constant need for reassurance
– Intolerance of being alone
– Excessive agreeableness
– Inability to take initiative
Histrionic Personality
Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder is
a condition characterized by
excessive emotionality and
attention-seeking. This disorder
is only diagnosed when these
behaviors become persistent
and very disabling or
distressing.
Histrionic Personality
Disorders
People with histrionic personality
disorder are constant attention
seekers. They need to be the center
of attention all the time, often
interrupting others in order to
dominate the conversation. They use
grandiose language to discribe
everyday events and seek constant
praise. They may dress provacatively
or exaggerate illnesses in order to
gain attention. Histrionics also tend
to exaggerate friendships and
relationships, believing that everyone
loves them. They are often
manipulative.
 Characteristics
– Individuals with HPD are
highly emotional, charming,
energetic, manipulative,
seductive, impulsive, erratic,
and demanding.
 Characteristics
– Center of attention: Patients with HPD
experience discomfort when they are not
the center of attention.
– Sexually seductive: Patients with HPD
displays inappropriate sexually seductive
or provocative behaviors towards others.
– Shifting emotions: The expression of
emotions of patients with HPD tends to be
shallow and to shift rapidly.
– Physical appearance: Individuals with
HPD consistently employ physical
appearance to gain attention for
themselves.
– Speech style: The speech style of patients
with HPD lacks detail.
 Characteristics
– Individuals with HPD tend to
generalize, and when these
individuals speak, they aim to
please and impress.
– Dramatic behaviors: Patients with
HPD display self-dramatization and
exaggerate their emotions.
– Suggestibility: Other individuals or
circumstances can easily influence
patients with HPD.
– Overestimation of intimacy:
Patients with HPD overestimate the
level of intimacy in a relationship.
Schizoid Personality
Schizoid Personality Disorder is a
condition characterized by excessive
detachment from social relationships
and a restricted range of expression of
emotions in interpersonal settings. This
disorder is only diagnosed when these
behaviors become persistent and very
disabling or distressing
 Characteristics
– Weak interpersonal skills
– Difficulty expressing anger,
even when provoked
– "Loner" mentality; avoidance
of social situations
– Appear to others as remote,
aloof, and unengaged
– Low sexual desire
– Unresponsive to praise or
criticism
 Schizotypal
personality
Schizotypal personality disorder is
characterized by an ongoing pattern in
which the affected person distances him-
or herself from social and interpersonal
relationships. Affected people typically
have an acute discomfort when put in
circumstances where they must relate to
others. These individuals are also prone
to cognitive and perceptual distortions
and a display a variety of eccentric
behaviors that others often find
confusing
Schizotypal Personality
Disorders
Many believe that schizotypal
personality disorder represents mild
schizophrenia. The disorder is
characterized by odd forms of
thinking and perceiving, and
individuals with this disorder often
seek isolation from others. They
sometimes believe to have extra
sensory ability or that unrelated
events relate to them in some
important way. They generally
engage in eccentric behavior and
have difficulty concentrating for long
periods of time. Their speech is often
over elaborate and difficult to follow.
 Characteristics
– Odd or eccentric mannerisms or
appearance
– Odd thinking
– Unusual perceptual experiences
– Superstitious or preoccupied with
paranormal phenomena
– Difficult to follow speech patterns
– Feelings of anxiety in social
situations
– Suspiciousness and paranoia
– Odd beliefs or magical thinking
– Appears shy, aloof, or withdrawn
to others
References
– http://www.mentalhealth.com/dis/p20-p
– http://www.4degreez.com/disorder/anti
– http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/antis
– http://www.ptypes.com/antisocialpd.htm
– http://www.minddisorders.com/Del
-Fi/Dependent-personality-
disorder.html