Presented by: Ms.

Lynne April
Academic Literacy Facilitator
QALitCT@unisa.ac.za
Critical thinking involves:

Analyzing and evaluating information
Reflecting on meaning of knowledge
Offering well-reasoned arguments

ANALYSIS
1. What are the main conclusions?
2. What are the reasons and their structure (including
evidence and sources)?
3. What is assumed?
4. Clarify the meaning.

EVALUATION
5. Are the reasons acceptable?
6. Does the reasoning support the conclusion?
7. Are there other relevant considerations?
8. What is your overall evaluation
Adapted from Fischer (2003)
What is Register?
Register refers to the appropriateness of
(word choice), (sentence
structure) and in terms of:

the relationship between the sender and the
receiver
the situation in which the message is conveyed
the medium used
the purpose behind the message
refers to the kinds of words that we
choose and the way we structure our
sentences. Our words and sentences must be
suited to the or of
the writer. Style may be formal or informal,
detailed or concise, literal or figurative,
simple or verbose.
is the in which the writer
him or herself and is the way in
which a writer his or her
towards
.
It normally gives an indication of the
attitude of the writer. Tone can be casual or
serious, friendly, sarcastic, humorous or
condescending.
Prefixes:
are joined to the beginning of a word.
often create new words and may be used to
create .

Suffixes:
are joined to the end of a word.
usually used to change a word from
. For example, you
add the suffix ity to form the noun credibility
from the adjective credible.


Verb Noun Adjective Adverb
refer referential referentially
purify purity pure
speciality special
Govern governmental Governmentally
These are words that have the
, but have
:



Meaning 1 Meaning 2
Minute - times Minute - size
Air - oxygen Heir to the throne
Band- music band Band head band
Bark sound a dog makes Bark that of a tree
Bare naked Bear cannot stand it/ the
mammal
are words that have the as
another but that is .

For example: led and lead.

Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Group communication
Organizational communication
Mass communication
Intercultural communication
Gender communication

Sender / Receiver
Message
Medium
Channel
Context
Feedback
Noise

Subject and Predicate
Finite and non-finite verbs, Auxiliary
verbs and participles,
Object and Indirect Object,
transitive and intransitive verbs
Adverbial phrases of time, place and
manner
My car (subject) has been stolen. (predicate)

John (subject) drove my car (predicate)

The president (subject) gave all the Cabinet
ministers a car. (predicate)

Tatiana (subject) is attentive. (predicate)

The dog (subject) died. (predicate)
FINITE VERB
Has number
Tense
Subject
NON-FINITE VERB
Has no number
Has no tense
Has no subject
DIRECT OBJECT
We find the object by
asking the questions who?
or what? after we have
identified the verb.
INDIRECT OBJECT
An indirect object is the
thing or person receiving
the action.


Paula passed the parcel.
(There is no recipient in this sentence.
Therefore, there is no indirect object.)
Paula passed her uncle the parcel. ("her
uncle" - indirect object)
Paula passed the parcel to her uncle. ("her
uncle" - indirect object)
Let him have it. ("him" - indirect object)
INCOMPLETE
The shelf holds.



The committee named.



The child broke.




COMPLETE
The shelf holds three
books and a vase of
flowers.

The committee named a
new chairperson.


The child broke the plate.



Does not take an object but the
prepositional phrase acts as an
adverb of manner:
This plant has thrived on the
south windowsill.

The sound of the choir carried
through the cathedral.

The painting was hung on the
south wall of the reception
room.
1
st
Person I am, We are.
2
nd
Person You are
3
rd
Person He is, She is, It is, They are, (him
& her when they become the object of a
sentence)
a. Statements (declarative)

b. Commands (Imperative)

c. Exclamations (Exclamatory)

d. Questions (Interrogative)
Proper Nouns
Common Nouns
Abstract Nouns
Collective Nouns
Countable and non-
countable Nouns

Pronouns:
Personal Pronouns : I,
you, he,
she, it singular; we, us,
you, they, them plural)
Relative Pronouns -
who, whose, whom,
which and that.
Possessive Pronouns:
(his, hers, yours, mine,
ours).
Reflexive: herself, himself, itself,
Demonstrative: this, those, that,
Indefinite: someone, something, anyone, no-
one)