Composit e Beams2

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures
IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

1
COMPOSITE BEAMS-II

2
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PROVISION FOR SERVICE OPENING IN
COMPOSITE BEAMS
BASIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS
EFFECT OF CONTINUITY
SERVICEABILITY
CONCLUSION

3
INTRODUCTION
Composite beam with profiled sheeting with concrete
topping.
Profiled sheets are of two types
Trapezoidal profile
Re-entrant profile

(a) Trapezoidal profile deck
(b) Re-entrant profile
Types of profile deck

4

5
The deck slab with profiled sheeting is of two types
The ribs of profiled decks running parallel to the beam.
The ribs of profiled decks running perpendicular to the beam.

Orientation of Profiled deck slab in a composite beam
(b) Ribs perpendicular to
the beam
(a) Ribs parallel to the beam

6
PROVISION FOR SERVICE OPENING IN
COMPOSITE BEAMS

Simple Construction with Rolled Sections
Fabricated Sections
Haunched Beams
Parallel Beam Approach
Castellated Sections

Stub Girders

Composite Trusses

7
Fabricated Sections

Fabricated sections for commercial buildings
(a) Straight Taper
(b) Semi-Taper
(c)Cranked Taper
(d) Stepped Beam
(where automatic welding is not crucial)

8

9
Haunched Beams

(a) sections of different size
(b) haunches cut from main beam

Haunched beams: Two types of haunches

10

11
Parallel Beam Approach

12

13
Castellated Sections

14

15

16

17
Stub Girders

18

19
Composite Trusses

20
BASIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Design Method suggested by Eurocode 4

ultimate strength is determined from plastic capacity.
serviceability is checked using elastic analysis.
full shear connection ensures that full moment capacity of
the section develops.
in partial shear connection, the design should be adequate
to resist the applied loading.
partial shear connection is sometimes preferred due to
economy.

21
Span to depth ratio
Span to Depth ratio as according to EC4
EC4
Simply supported 15-18 (Primary Beams)
18-20 (Secondary Beams)
Continuous 18-22 (Primary Beams)
22-25 (end bays)

22
Effective breadth of flange
Use of effective width to allow for shear lag

23
For simply supported beam, effective breadth of simply
supported beam is taken as
o
/8 on each side of the steel
web

For continuous beam,

B but
4
b
eff
s =

Value of
0
for continuous beam as per EC4

1

2

3

4

0.25(
1
+
2
)
0.25(
2
+
3
)
0.8
1

0.7
2
0.8
3
-0.3
4

0.7
3

4
+0.5
3

1.5
4

24
Modular ratio
Shear Connection
The elastic shear flow at the interface increases linearly from
zero at the centre to its maximum value at the end under
uniform load.
At the elastic limit of connectors, redistribution of forces
occurs.
At collapse load level it is assumed that all the connectors
carry equal force.
The design capacity of shear connectors is taken as 80% of
their nominal static strength in EC4.

Shear flow at interface

25
Load Partial safety factor,
f

Dead load 1.35
Live load 1.5
Materials Partial safety factor,
m

Concrete 1.5
Structural Steel 1.15
Reinforcement 1.15

Partial Safety Factor

26
Type of Element

Type of
Section

Class of Section

Plastic (|
1
)

Compact
(|
2
)

Semi-compact (|
3
)

Outstand element
of compression
flange

Welded

b/t s 7.9c

b/t s 8.9c

b/t s 13.6c

Rolled

b/t s 8.9c

b/t s 9.5c

b/t s 15.0c

Internal element
of compression
flange

Welded

b/t s 24.2c

b/t s 26.3c

b/t s 29.4c

Rolled

b/t s 27.3c

b/t s 33.6c

b/t s 41.0c

Web with neutral
axis at mid depth

All

d/t s 83.0c

d/t s 102.9c

d/t s 126.0c

Web under
uniform
compression

Welded

d/t s 29.4c

Rolled

d/t s 41.0c

Single/double
angle T-stems

Rolled

b/t s 8.9c
d/t s 8.9c

b/t s 10.0c
d/t s 10.0c

b/t s 15.8c
d/t s 15.8c

Circular tube with
outer diameter D

D/t s 44c
2

D/t s 63c
2

D/t s 88c
2

y
f
250
= c
Section Classifications

27
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS

Moment Resistance

Reinforced Concrete Slabs, supported on Steel beams
Notations as per IS: 11384-1985
b
eff

d
s

D
T
t
x
u

28
Position of
Plastic Neutral
Axis
Value of x
u
Moment Capacity M
p
Within slab x
u
= a A
a
/ b
eff
M
p
=0.87A
a
f
y
(d
c
+0.5d
s
0.42 x
u
)
Plastic neutral
axis in steel
flange
( )
Ba
d b aA
d x
s eff a
s u
2
+ =
M
p
=0.87f
y
[A
a
(d
c
+0.08 d
s
) B(x
u
d
s
)( x
u
+0.16 d
s
) ]
Plastic neutral
axis in web
( )
at
d b A A a
T d x
s eff f a
s u
2
2
+ + =
M
p
=0.87f
y
A
s
(d
c
+0.08 d
s
) 2A
f
(0.5T+0.58 d
s
)2t(x
u
d
s
T)(0.5
x
u
+0.08 d
s
+0.5 T)
Moment capacity of composite Section with full shear
interaction (according to IS:11384 - 1985)

29
Reinforced concrete slabs, with profiled sheeting
supported on steel beams

IS: 11384 1985, gives no reference to profiled deck slab
and partial shear connection
Resistance to sagging bending moment in plastic or compact
sections for full interaction.
0.85(f
ck
)
cy
/

c
0.85(f
ck
)
cy
/
c

0.85(f
ck
)
cy /
c

D
T
t
B

30
Resistance to hogging Bending Moment
h
c
+ h
p

D
(a)
f
y
/
a
f
y
/
a

f
sk
/
s

f
y
/
a

F
s

F
a1

F
a2

f
y
/
a

(b)
f
sk
/
s

F
s

F
a1

F
a2

a
(c)

31
Positive moment capacity of section with full shear connection(According to EC4)
Position of Plastic Neutral Axis Condition Moment Capacity M
p
Plastic neutral axis in concrete slab
( Fig.13b)
( )
a
y a
c eff
c
cy ck
f A
h b
f

> 85 . 0 ) 2 / ( x h h
f A
M
t g
a
y a
p
+ =
Plastic neutral axis in steel flange

(Fig. 13c) 2 / ) ( ) 2 / (
. t c ac c t g pl a p
h h x N h h h N M + + =
Plastic neutral axis in web
(Fig.13d)
( )
a
y a
a y
c
cy ck
c eff
f A
/ B*T*f
f 0.85
h b < +
2 / ) (
) 2 / 2 / ( ) 2 / (
.
.
c t w a
c t acf c t g pl a p
h T h x N
h T h N h h h N M
+ +
+ + =
Negative moment capacity of section with full shear connection (according EC4)
Position of Plastic Neutral Axis Condition Moment Capacity M
p
Plastic neutral axis in steel flange
( Fig.14b)
Plastic neutral axis in web
(Fig. 14c)
( )
a
y a
c
cy ck
c eff
f A f
h b

<
85 . 0
a
y aw
s
sk s
f A
f A

<
a
y a
s
sk s
a
y aw
f A
f A
f A

< <
a
f A D
f A
M
s
sk s
a
y a
p

+ ~
2
a y
s
sk s
s
sk s
ap p
f t
f A
a
D f A
M M

/ * * 4
2
2
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ + =

32
Vertical Shear

The shear force resisted by the structural steel section should
satisfy:
VsV
p

where, V
p
is the plastic shear resistance given by,

The shear buckling of steel web can be neglected if following
condition is satisfied

) (
) (
sections I up built for
sections C H, I, rolled for
3
f
t d
f
t D 0.6 V
a
y
a
y
p
=
=
concrete in encased web for

concrete in encased not web for
e s
e s
120
t
d
67
t
d

33
Effect of shape of deck slab on shear connection
Behaviour of a shear connection fixed
through profile sheeting

34
Longitudinal Shear Force

Full Shear Connection

Single span beams

V

= F
cf
=A
a
f
y
/
a
or
V

= 0.85 (f
ck
)
cy
b
eff
h
c
/
c
whichever is smaller.

Continuous span beams

V

= F
cf
+ A
s
f
sk
/
s

35
Full Shear Connection -I
The number of required shear connectors in the zone under
consideration for full composite action is given by:
n
f
= V

/P
The shear connectors are usually equally spaced

Minimum degree of shear connection
Ideal plastic behaviour of the shear connectors may be assumed
if a minimum degree of shear connection is provided.

The minimum degree of shear connection is defined by the
following equations:

b t f
A A where 0.03 0.4 n n > + > 3 /
b t f
A A where 0.03 0.25 n n = + > /
b t f
A A where 0.0 n n = > 4 /

36
Interaction between shear and moment
V
M M
p

V
p

A
o
B
0.5V
p

M
f

Resistance to combined bending and vertical shear

37
Transverse reinforcement
Surfaces of potential
shear failure
Truss model analysis

38
EFFECT OF CONTINUITY
Moment and Shear Coefficients for continuous
beam

Bending moment coefficients according to IS: 456-1978
TYPE OF LOAD SPAN MOMENTS SUPPORT MOMENTS
Near
middle
span
At middle of
interior span
At support next
to the end
support
At other
interior
supports
Dead load + Imposed
load (fixed)
+ 1/12 +1/24 - 1/10 - 1/12
Imposed load (not
fixed)
+1/10 +1/12 - 1/9 - 1/9
For obtaining the bending moment, the coefficient shall be multiplied by the total design
load and effective span.

39
EFFECT OF CONTINUITY-I
Shear force coefficients
At support next to the end
support
TYPE OF
LOAD
At end
support
Outer side Inner side
At all other
interior
supports
Dead load +
Imposed
load(fixed)
0.40 0.60 0.55 0.50
Imposed
load(not fixed)
0.45 0.60 0.60 0.60
For obtaining the shear force, the coefficient shall be multiplied by the total design
load

40
Lateral Torsional Buckling of Continuous Beams

Inverted U frame Action

41
SERVICEABILITY

Deflection

Influence of partial shear connection
Shrinkage induced deflections
Crack Control

42
CONCLUSIONS
Provision for service opening in composite beams was
discussed.
Basic design considerations of composite beams,
connected to solid slab, as well as profiled deck slab was
discussed.
Effect of continuity on composite beam was discussed.
Serviceability Limit state for composite beam was
discussed.

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Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures

IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

Plastic neutral axis in steel flange

concrete in encased web for

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