Madeleine Leininger was born in Sutton,

Nebraska on July 13, 1925

She received her diploma in nursing from St.
Anthonys School of Nursing in Denver, Colorado
in 1948
In 1950, she earned her BS from St. Scholastica
(Benedictine College) in Atchison, Kansas
In 1954 earned an M.S. in psychiatric and mental
health nursing from the Catholic University of
America in Washington, D.C.
She received her Ph.D. in Cultural and Social
Anthropology from the University of Washington
in 1965



TRANSCULTURAL NURSING/
CULTURAL CARE DIVERSITY AND
UNIVERSALITY THEORY
What is transcultural nursing?

A field of study and practice
that shows the importance of
culture in providing health
care.


TRANSCULTURAL NURSING/
CULTURAL CARE DIVERSITY AND
UNIVERSALITY THEORY
The upper half of the circle represents a part of the whole socio-cultural
structure and world view factors. These factors influence the care, patterns
and expressions towards health and well-being of an individual, families,
groups and institutions through language and environment. The same
factors also influence folk and professional nursing.


The Sunrise Model depicts human beings as
inseparable from their cultural background
and social structure, worldview, history and
environmental context as a basic tenet of
Leiningers theory. Gender, race, age and
class are embedded in social structure
factors and are studied. Biological,
emotional and other dimensions are studied
from a holistic view and not fragmented or
separate.
Cultural Care
Preservation or
Maintenance
refers to nursing care activities that help people of particular
cultures to retain and use core cultural care values related to
healthcare concerns or conditions.
Cultural Care
Accomodation or
Negotiation
refers to creative nursing actions that help people of a particular
culture adapt to or negotiate with others in the healthcare
community in an effort to attain the shared goal of an optimal
health outcome for client(s) of a designated culture.
Cultural Care
Repatterning or
Restructuring
refers to therapeutic actions taken by culturally competent
nurse(s) or family. These actions enable or assist a client to modify
personal health behaviors towards beneficial outcomes while
respecting the clients cultural values.
3 Nursing Decisions
To provide Culturally Congruent Nursing care
1. Human caring is a universal phenomenon, but the
expressions, processes, structural forms, and patterns of
caring vary among cultures.

2. Caring acts and processes are essential for human birth,
development, growth, survival, and peaceful death

3. Care has a biophysical, cultural, psychological, social and
environmental dimension, and the concept of culture
provides the broadest means to know and understand care.

4. Nursing is a transcultural phenomenon as nurses
interact with clients, staff, and other groups, and requires
that nurses identify and use intercultural nurse-client and
system data.


5. Care behaviors, goals, and functions vary transculturally because of the
social structure, worldview, and cultural values of people from different
cultures.

6. Self and other care practices vary in different cultures and in different
folk and professional care systems.

7. The identification of universal and non universal folk and professional
caring behaviors, beliefs and practices is essential to discover the
epistemological and ontological base of nursing care knowledge.

8. Care is largely culturally derived and requires culturally based
knowledge and skills for satisfying and efficacious nursing practices.

9. There can be no curing without caring but there can be caring without
curing

Patient care Competencies
1.Safe quality Care
Core competency 1:
not much related but this knowlegde is based on aesthetical
knowing which is understanding the patient
Core competency 2:
It is somewhat related because it is a nurse-patient
relationship
Core Competency 3:
It is related because in caring for the sick you must make
them feel safe, secure and comfortable from their surroundings.
Core competency 4:
This one also is a nurse-patient relationship because this core
competency is based on the patients basic needs and one of those needs
is basic health care.
Core competency 5:
It is significantly related to the theory because it emphasizes
Nursing care to the patient. Some factors that may affect nursing care are
their Culture and their environment

Core competency 6:
It ensures their well-being in nursing care.
Core competency 7:
This competency is more on observing and evaluating
the clients needs so that you will know how to take care of the patient.
2.Communication
Core competency 1;
This also is a nurse-patient relationship. The bonding
between the nurse and the patient affects the patients well being
Core competency 2:
This will be your guide in how the patient feels and
then how you will be able to help the patient to satisfy his/her needs.
Core competency 3:
This will serve as a guide for patients on how are they
going to take care of themselves and maintaining their body from
possible discomfort
Core competency 4:
This will affect your patients self-esteem and self-
confidence that will affect the patients state of health, you can build
up his spirit by encourage, acknowledge and recognize the patient.