Selected New Provisions of ASCE 7-05

2007 Structures Congress
Selected New Provisions

of ASCE/SEI 7-2005:
Jim Harris
J. R. Harris & Company
Denver, Colorado
May 18, 2007
John Hooper
Magnusson Klemencic Associates
Seattle, Washington
2007 Structures Congress Seismic Design Under ASCE 7-2005 2
Overview
Reorganization
New maps; Long period map
New systems, revised R factors and limitations
Diaphragm assumptions
Redundancy factor
Dynamic analysis triggers
Near fault spectral shape applicability
Modal response spectrum analysis
Simplified design method
ASCE 7-05 Reorganization
Goals of Seismic Section Reorganization

1. To improve clarity and use
2. Reduce depth of section numbering from 6 max
typical to 4 max typical
(i.e. Sec. 9.5.2.5.2.2 is now Sec. 12.5.3)
3. Simplify table and figure numbering
(i.e. Table 9.5.2.5.1 is now Table 12.6-1)
4. Create logical sequence of provisions aim at the
structural engineering community
5. Improve headings and clarify ambiguous provisions

ASCE 7-05 Reorganization
1. Changed major subjects to Chapters rather than
Sections (similar to the IBC)
2. Replaced Section 9 with Chapters 11-23
3. Incorporated the material appendices
4. Put the Chapters into a logical sequence
5. Rewrote ambiguous headings
6. Examined and rewrote sections to eliminate
ambiguity
7. Provided Cross Reference Table C-11-102 to 05
Comparison of Contents
ASCE 7-2002 Sections
1. General
2. Combinations of
Loads
3. Dead Loads
4. Live Loads
5. Soil and Hydrostatic
and Flood Loads
ASCE 7-2005 Chapters
1. General
2. Combinations of
Loads
3. Dead Loads, Soil
and Hydrostatic
4. Live Loads
5. Flood Loads
Comparison, continued
ASCE 7-2002 Sections
6. Wind Loads
7. Snow Loads
8. Rain Loads
9. Earthquake Loads
10. Ice Loads
A. Supplemental (QA)
B. Serviceability
ASCE 7-2005
Chapters
6. Wind Loads
7. Snow Loads
8. Rain Loads
9. (not used)
10. Ice Loads
11. - 23. Seismic
A & B. QA & Existing
Seismic Contents
ASCE 7-2002
9.1 General Provisions
9.2 Definitions/
Symbols
9.3 (not used)
9.4 Ground Motion
9.5 Structural Design
Criteria, Analysis,
and Procedures
ASCE 7-2005
11. Seismic Design
Criteria
12. Seismic Design
Requirements for
Building Structures
13. Seismic Design
Requirements for
Nonstructural Comp.
Seismic Contents, continued
ASCE 7-2002
9.6 Arch, Mech, Elect
Comp and Sys
9.7 Foundations
9.8 Steel
9.9 Concrete
9.10 Composite Struct.
9.11 Masonry
ASCE 7-2005
14. Material Specific
15. Nonbuilding
Structures
16. Response Hist Anal
17. Seismic Isolation
18. Damping Systems
19. Soil-Struct.
Interact.
Seismic Contents, continued
ASCE 7-2002
9.12 Wood
9.13 Seismic Isolation
9.14 Nonbuilding
Structures
A9. Quality
Assurance
ASCE 7-2005
20. Site Classification
21. Site-Specific
Ground Motions
22. Maps
23. Reference Docs
11A. Quality
Assurance
11B. Existing
Buildings
11 Seismic Design Criteria
11.1 General
11.2 Definitions
11.3 Notation
11.4 Seismic Ground Motion Values
11.5 Importance Factor
11.6 Seismic Design Category
11.7 Design Reqts for Category A
11.8 Geologic Hazards & Geotechnical Invest.
11.1 Purpose
specified earthquake loads are based upon
post-elastic energy dissipation in the
structure, and because of this fact, the
requirements for design, detailing, and
construction shall be satisfied even for
structures and members for which load
combos w/o EQ exceed those with EQ
11.4 Seismic Ground Motions
1 Determine basic values from maps for
bedrock conditions
2, 3 Classify soil conditions at site and
determine site coefficients
4 Determine site-adjusted values
5 Take two-thirds for use in design
6 Construct design response spectrum
7 Site-specific studies permitted/required
Mapped Acceleration Parameters
Two updated sets of basic maps for the response
spectrum accelerations
S
S
for spectral response acceleration at 0.2 secs
S
1
for spectral response acceleration at 1.0 secs
New map for long period transition: T
L
in
seconds
S
S
and

S
1
are the
mapped 2% in 50 year
spectral accelerations
for firm rock

S
DS
and

S
D1
are the
design level spectral
accelerations (modified
for site and expected
good performance)

Ground Motion Parameters & Seismic Hazard
Mapped Contours of S
S
General Comparison of Maps
With ASCE 7-02
Changes everywhere,
but mostly minor
Deterministic area
around New Madrid

With UBC 97
Lots of change
Lower in most areas
Higher in high hazard
areas, except near fault
in California
Three maps, not one
Long Period Transition Maps (Fig 22.15)
Site Specific Studies
Clarification of two types:
Basic ground motion hazard at a point in rock
Site amplification in overburden soil
First type never required, but permitted;
limits placed upon results
Second type encouraged; required in some
instances
Cumulative Nature of Provisions
by Seismic Design Category
A
B C
D E
F
Seismic Design Category A
11.7 is a self-contained section; defines E
Horizontal force = 1% of dead load
Load path for horizontal forces
connections = 5% of weight of smaller part
Beam, truss connections = 5% D + L
Anchor concrete and masonry walls
280 pounds per foot
Geologic Hazards and
Geotechnical Investigations
SD Category E and F:
Do not locate on active fault
SD Category C:
Evaluate slope instability, liquefaction,
differential settlement, surface displacement
SD Category D, E, F:
More detail than C plus lateral pressures on
basement walls and retaining walls
Overview
Reorganization
Redundancy factor
12 Seismic Design of Building Structures
1 Design Basis
2 Structural Systems
3 Diaphragm Flexibility;
Configuration; &
Redundancy
4 Load Effects &
Combinations of Loads
5 Direction of Loading
6 Selection of Analysis
7 Modeling Criteria
8 ELF Method
9 Modal RS Method
10 Diaphragms, Chords
Collectors
11 Structural Walls
(out-of-plane)
12 Drift and
Deformation
13 Foundation Design
14 Simplified Alternate
12.1.1 Basic Requirements
Strength, Stiffness, Energy Dissipation
Design Motion in Any Horizontal Direction
Construct Mathematical Model
Evaluate Model for Effects
Limitations on methods of evaluation
Modifications to internal forces (R, O
0
)
Modifications to deformations (C
d
)
Alternate Procedures Must Be Consistent
Minimum Connection Forces
Very Similar to 11.7 for SD Category A
Continuous Load Path: from point of
application to final point of resistance
0.133 S
DS
W
P
> 0.05 W
P

Does not apply to overall design of SFRS
(Seismic Force Resisting System)
Beams, Trusses to Support 5% of D + L
12.2 Structural System Requirements
1. System identification and limitations
2. Combos of systems: different direction
3. Combos of systems: same direction
4. Combos of systems: detailing
5. Specific system requirements
System Identification
Basic lateral and vertical SFRS shall
conform to one (or a permitted combo) of
the systems from Table 12.2-1
Selected SFRS shall be designed and
detailed per referenced requirements
SFRS not from table permitted only if
analytical and test data establish basis
Basic system parameters
Obtain from table and use in seismic design:
R Response Modification Factor
- measure of system inelastic capabilities
C
d
Deflection Amplification Factor
- increase elastic A to total A
O
o
System Overstrength Factor
- accounts for actual strength greater
than design strength; used to protect
vulnerable items.

R factor comparisons
System 97 02 05
Special RC Shear Wall (bearing) 4.5 5 5
Ordinary RC Shear Wall (bearing) 4.5 4 4
Special RC Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 6 6
Ordinary RC Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 5 5
Intermed Precast Shear Wall (b f) -- -- 5
Ord Precast Shear Wall (b f) -- -- 4
System 97 02 05
Special RM Shear Wall (bearing) 4.5 5 5
Intermed RM Shear Wall (bearing) 4.5 3.5 3.5
Ord RM Shear Wall (bearing) 4.5 2 2
Special RM Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 5.5 5.5
Intermed RM Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 4 4
Ord RM Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 2.5 2.5
System 97 02 05
Special Steel Concentric BF 6.4 6 6
Ordinary Steel Concentric BR 5.6 6 3.25
Special RC Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 6 6
Ordinary RC Shear Wall (bldg frm) 5.5 5 5
Eccentrically Braced Frame (with) 7 8 8
Eccentrically Bracked Frame (w/out) 7 7 7
System 97 02 05
Light Frame with SWP (bearing) 5.5 6 6.5
Light Frame with other (bearing) 4.5 2 2
Light Frame with SWP (bldg frm) 6.5 6.5 7
Light Frame with other (bldg frm) 5 2.5 2.5
Light Frame with straps (bearing) 2.8 4 4
Height Limits
Most shear wall and braced frame systems
limited to 160 feet high in SD Categories D
and E, and to 100 feet in SD Category F
These limits can be increase to 240 feet and
160 feet, respectively for some structures
No line resists more than 60% of base shear
Torsional force < 20% of total force in the line
Many exceptions, especially for nonbuilding

Concrete Shear Wall - Frame
Limited to SD Category B
Ordinary detailing for wall and frame
Analyze for interaction and provide as a
minimum
Walls strong enough for 0.75 V
x
at each story
Frames strong enough for 0.25 V
x
at each story
12.3 Diaphragms, Configuration,
and Redundancy
1. Diaphragm Flexibility in Analysis
2. Identification of Irregularities in System
Configuration
3. Limitations on and Penalties for
Irregularities
4. Redundancy
Significant changes from prior edition

Diaphragm Flexibility
Assume Flexible if
Wood or steel deck with
concrete or masonry
walls
1 or 2 family residential
if light frame
Compute

Dia
> 2 *
vert

Assume Rigid if
Concrete slab (or filled
deck) with span to depth
< 3 and no horizontal
irregularity
Otherwise:
Must analyze system
including actual
stiffness of diaphragm!
Configuration: Basic Parameters
Size
Proportion
Shape
Plan Irregularities
1a Torsional irregularity A corner > 1.2 A center
1b Extreme torsional irregularity A corner > 1.4 A center
Note: torsional irregularity not checked for flexible diaphragms
2 Re-entrant corners Both projections > 15%
of respective sides
3 Diaphragm discontinuity 50% change in a level or
from level to level
4 Out-of-plane offsets absolute
5 Nonparallel systems absolute
Type Measure
Vertical Irregularities
1a Stiffness-Soft Story Story stiffness < 70% above
1b Stiffness- Extreme Soft Story Story stiffness < 60% above
2 Weight (Mass) More than 150% adjacent story
Note: 1 and 2 dropped if no story drift exceeds 130% of story above
3 Vertical Geometric Length of SFRS >130% of that
in adjacent story
4 In-Plane Discontinuity Offset > length of element or a
reduction in stiffness below
5a Capacity-Weak Story Lat strength < 80% of above
5b Extreme Weak Story Lat strength < 65% of above

Type
Measure
Configuration Limitations
Horiz 1b not permitted in SD Cat E+
Vert 1b, 5a not permitted in SD Cat E+
Vert 5b not permitted in SD Cat D+
Vert 5b limited to 2 stories or 30 feet in SD
Cat B or C, unless weak story strength
capable of O
0
times design force

Configuration Penalties
Horiz 4 and Vert 4 (column, slab, beam, or
truss elements supporting discontinuous
elements) to resist O
0
force (all SD
Categories)
Horiz 1, 2, 3, 4 and Vert 4 have 25%
increase in force for connection of
diaphragm to vert element and collectors in
SD Cat D+; also reqd for collectors except
those already designed for O
0
force

Overview
Reorganization
Redundancy factor
Redundancy factor
Reliability Factor
1.3 or 1.0
1.0
=
=
Seismic Design Category
B or C
D, E or F
is always 1.0 for drift and P-delta calcs and for design of:
Nonstructural components
Nonbuilding structures not similar to buildings
Members designed for O
0
forces
Diaphragms
Structures with damping systems
Redundancy Factor = 1.3
Unless following loss does not an extreme
torsional irregularity and does not reduce
story strength by more than 33%:
Braced frame: removal of a single brace
Moment frame: loss of moment resistance
at both ends of a single beam (or at base of
a single cantilever column)
Shear walls: removal of any single pier
with h/l > 1.0 (or collector to such a pier)

12.6 Analysis Method Selection
Methods Defined
Equivalent (Static) Lateral Force: ELF
Modal Response Spectrum: MRS
Seismic Response History (Linear and
Nonlinear): SRH (Defined in section 16)
Alternate classifications:
Static / Dynamic Max / Dynamic History
Linear / Nonlinear
What type of Analysis?
The answer depends on:
what performance level you
are hoping to achieve
the configuration of the
structure
how accurate you need to be
A wide range of choices
are available-
Superior Performance Levels
Behavior will be essentially elastic
For regular structures with short periods, linear static
procedures are fine
For regular structures with long periods and all
irregular structures - linear dynamic procedures are
better, response spectra accurate enough
Joes
Beer! Beer!
Food! Food!
Poorer Performance Levels
Inelastic behavior is significant (elastic analyses
are the wrong approach!)
For structures dominated by first mode response,
pushover analysis may be adequate
For structures with significant hire mode response,
nonlinear time history necessary

Methods Permitted
SD Cat B and C: any defined method
SD Cat D+: ELF permitted for
Occ Cat I/II < 3 stories
Occ Cat I/II of light frame < 4 stories
Reg structures with T < 3.5 T
S

Reg structures of light frame any T
Irreg structure with T < 3.5 T
S
limited to horiz
types 2, 3, 4, or 5 and vert types 4, 5a, or 5b
Other SD Cat D+ must use MRS or SRH
Design Response Spectrum
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
T
S
T
0
Period, seconds
S
p
e
c
t
r
a
l

A
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,

g

0.4S
DS
S
a
= S
D1
/ T
S
a
= S
DS
(0.4 + 0.6 T/T
0
)
S
a
= S
D1
T
L
/ T
2
Drawn for
S
S
= 1.0, F
a
= 1.0
S
1
= 0.4, F
v
= 1.5
T
L
= 4
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
T
S
T
0
Period, seconds
S
p
e
c
t
r
a
l

A
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,

g

0.4S
DS
S
a
= S
D1
/ T
S
a
= S
DS
(0.4 + 0.6 T/T
0
)
S
a
= S
D1
T
L
/ T
2
Drawn for
S
S
= 1.0, F
a
= 1.0
S
1
= 0.4, F
v
= 1.5
T
L
= 4
S
a
= 0.5 S
1
12.8 ELF Method of Analysis
1. Seismic Base Shear: V = C
S
W
2. Period Determination
3. Vertical Distribution of Seismic Forces
4. Horizontal Distribution of Forces
5. Overturning
6. Story Drift Determination
7. P-Delta Effects

Seismic Coefficient
Basic rules are the design spectrum adjusted
for R and I:

Also, where S
1
> 0.6:
minimum) new ( 01 . 0
2
1 1
>
|
.
|
\
|
s
|
.
|
\
|
s
|
.
|
\
|
=
s
L D D DS
s
C
I
R
T
T S
I
R
T
S
I
R
S
C
|
.
|
\
|
>
I
R
S
C
s
1
5 . 0
Adjustments to Base Shear
Soil-Structure Interaction per Section 19 is
permitted
Low rise buildings in high ground motion
areas:
If stories < 6 and T < 0.5 seconds
Can use S
S
= 1.5 max
12.8.2 Period of Vibration
Follow modeling
criteria in 12.7 to
compute T
Upper bound for forces:

a u
T C T s
S
D1
C
u
> 0.4 1.4
0.3 1.4
0.2 1.5
0.15 1.6
<0.1 1.7
Approximate Period
x
n t a
h C T =
Structure C
t
x
100% Moment Frames:
Steel
Concrete

0.028
0.016

0.8
0.9
Eccentrically Braced 0.03 0.75
All others 0.02 0.75
What is h
n
? Concept of Base
h
n

h
n

Base
RC frame
RC wall
Masonry
wall
RC wall
Base
Alternate Estimates for T
a
100% moment frames up to 12 stories with
story heights at least 10 feet: , T
a
= 0.1N

Shear walls of concrete or masonry:

n
w
a
h
C
T
0019 . 0
=

=
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
x
i
i
i
i
i
n
B
w
D
h
A
h
h
A
C
1
2
2
83 . 0 1
100
Vertical Distribution of Force
Equivalent static force at level x:
V C F
vx x
=
=
=
n
i
k
i i
k
x x
vx
h w
h w
C
1
where
w
i
, w
x
: Portion of W assigned to level i or x
h
i
, h
x
: Height of level i or x above base
k sets the shape of distribution and depends on T

Story Shear:
=
=
n
x i
i x
F V
Shape of Vertical Distribution
1 k 2: Varies with T
For T 0.5, k = 1 (linear distribution)

For T 2.5, k = 2 (parabolic distribution;
impact of higher modes)

For 0.5 < T < 2.5, k = 2 or
k = 0.75 + T/2
(interpolation)

ELF - Story Shears
F V
=
=
n
x i
i x
F V
Sum the story forces from the top down
Distribution of story forces intended to give proper envelope
of maximum story shears for a regular building. It does not
give envelope of maximum story forces.
ELF - Horizontal Distribution
Distribute story shear to vertical elements
per relative stiffness of vertical elements and
diaphragm
Account for computed (inherent) torsion - eccentricity
between mass and resistance
Add accidental torsion, except for flexible diaphragms
Amplify torsion if torsionally irregular
Torsional Irregularity
For S.D. Category C, D, E or F accidental
eccentricity must be multiplied by A
x

0 . 3
2 . 1
2
max
s
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
avg
x
A where
o
o
avg
o max
o
min
o
)
`
>
extreme
irregular
avg
4 . 1
2 . 1
max
o
o
ELF - Overturning Moments
.
Story force times height
to level under consideration.
Overestimate where higher modes are significant
Prior codes allowed up to a 20% reduction in tall buildings
Now require modal analysis for such structures, thus this
provision is now deleted
Moment can be reduced 25% at foundation, permitting
some rocking

F V M
( )
x i
n
x i
i x
h h F M =

=
Definition of Drift
I
C
xe d
x
o
o

=
Structural displacement,
where,
=
xe
o Elastic deflection calculated
from design forces
=
d
C
Deflection amplification factor
Importance factor
= I
No reduction for ASD,
but, can ignore limit on T
Stability: P- Effects
P

Deflection introduces P- moment
which increases deflection, which
increases moment ..

Structure must be designed to
prevent collapse due to P-
effects
Stability: P- Effects
Determine stability coefficient, , for each story
d sx x
x
C h V
P A
= u
If > 0.10 at any level, then all design forces and
moments must be increased by factor 1+a
d

u
u
=
1
d
a where
Check
25 . 0
5 . 0
max
s = <
d
C |
u u
Derivation of Stability Factor
f

h
V
P
k
V
P
V

Undeformed
A
Deformed
B
Response
C
Equilibrium at B: 0 = + h k P Vh
f f
o o
Define: 0 , = + =
o
f
f o
h V
P Vh then V k
o
o
o o
Rearranging terms:
u
o
o
o
o
=
1
1
o
o
o
f
Vh
P
P-Delta
What if your analysis program includes
P-Delta and you dont want to make a
second set of output?
u
max
must still be checked
Compute u* from displacements that
include P-Delta, then

max
* 1
*
u
u
u
u s
+
=
12.9 Modal Response Spectrum
Analysis Method
1. Minimum Number of Modes
2. Adjustment of Response Parameters by
R/I (forces) and C
d
/I (displacements)
3. Combining Modes for Total Response
4. Scaling of Design Values
5. Horizontal Shear Distribution, Torsion
6. P-Delta
7. Soil Structure Interaction
M.R.S. Analysis
Include enough modes to obtain a combined
modal mass participation of at least 90% of
the actual mass in each of the orthogonal
directions of response
Short period branch of spectrum is usable
Divide spectrum by (R/I ) to obtain force
responses
Multiply each displacement by (C
d
/I )
Combining Modal Results
Basic rule is Square Root of Sum of
Squares (SRSS)
Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC)
always permitted (see ASCE 4)
CQC required where modal periods are
closely spaced or where translational and
torsional modes are cross correlated
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
T
S
T
0
Period, seconds
S
p
e
c
t
r
a
l

A
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,

g

0.4S
DS
S
a
= S
D1
/ T
S
a
= S
DS
(0.4 + 0.6 T/T
0
)
S
a
= S
D1
T
L
/ T
2
Drawn for
S
S
= 1.0, F
a
= 1.0
S
1
= 0.4, F
v
= 1.5
T
L
= 4
Scaling Modal Results
Compute limiting base shear, V, by ELF; if T
exceeds C
u
T
a
, then use T = C
u
T
a
Compare 85% of this force with combined
modal base shear, V
t
If V
t
< 0.85V then multiply all combined
response quantities from modal analysis by
0.85V / V
t
M.R.S. Analysis
Critical direction of load applies (orthogonal
combinations)
Inherent torsion automatically included
Accidental torsion: two choices:
Offset mass to achieve accidental eccentricity
- Include static torsion as a load case
P-Delta applies as for ELF
Soil Structure Interaction analysis permitted
12.12 Drift and Deformation
1. Story Drift
Satisfy limits per table; occupancy is factor
If irregular, include torsion effect in SD Cat C+
Divide allowable by for MF in SD Cat D+
2. Diaphragm Deflection
3. Building Separation
4. Compatibility for SD Category D+
Drift Ratio Limits
Structure Occupancy Category UBC
I or II III IV
4 stories, no masonry 0.025 0.020 0.015 0.025*
Masonry cantilever 0.010 0.010 0.010
Other masonry 0.007 0.007 0.007
All other 0.020 0.015 0.010 0.020*
Deformation Compatibility
Applies to
SD Category D+
All structural components not in SFRS
Check capacity for gravity load combined
with effects induced from design drift;
rational analysis of restraint required
ACI 318 Chap 21 acceptable alternate

Overview
Reorganization
Redundancy factor
12.14 Simplified Alternate
1. General (Limitations/Eligibility)
2. Design Basis (& Load Combinations)
3. SFRS Identification (& Combinations)
4. Diaphragm Flexibility
5. Direction of Loading
6. Design & Detailing: Load path connections,
collectors, wall anchorage
7. ELF Analysis
Limitations
Occupancy Category I or II
Site Class A, B, C, or D
1, 2, or 3 stories
Bearing Wall or Building Frame System
Braced frames or shear walls
No unbraced (moment) frames
Regular
Torsional Regularity
Flexible diaphragms:
Overhang (cantilever) < depth / 5
Controls displacement at edge
Controls torsion in non-flexible
Non-flexible diaphragm
Eccentricity < 15% width of diaphragm
Minimum torsional stiffness
Torsion

= = =
+ > +
m
i
i
n
j
j j
m
i
i i
k b
b
e
d k d k
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2 2
1
2
1 1
) 05 . 0 ( 5 . 2
k
1i
- lateral stiffness, wall i parallel to 1
k
2j
- lateral stiffness, wall j parallel to 2
d
1i,
- the distance from the wall i to the
center of rigidity, perpendicular to axis 1
d
2j
is the distance from the wall j to the
center of rigidity, perpendicular to axis 2
e
1
is the distance perpendicular to axis 1
between the center of rigidity and the
center of mass
b
1
is the width of the diaphragm
perpendicular to axis 1
m is the number of walls in direction 1
n is the number of walls in direction 2

Regularity
Limit skewed alignments to 15 degrees
Use simplified method for design in both
horizontal directions
No in-plane or out-of-plane offsets
Exception: shear walls in 2 story light frame
Must use
0
( = 2.5 for all structures)
No weak stories (80% rule)
Seismic Design Category
Limited to Occupancy groups I and II
Only use S
DS
, therefore
S
DS
< 0.33 gives Category B
S
DS
< 0.50 gives Category C
S
DS
> 0.50 gives Category D
Can have Category E if S
1
is high

Combined Effects
Vertical Seismic Load =
Combine positive vertical seismic load
where gravity and effect of horizontal
seismic add; combine negative vertical
seismic load where gravity offsets effect of
horizontal seismic
Orthogonal combinations not required
- 02 . S W
DS
R Factor Table
Includes wood shear walls, all concrete and
masonry walls and all steel bracing systems
special, ordinary, intermediate, plain,
detailed, etc and composite steel/concrete
walls
Includes specific citations to reference
standards for detailing the systems
No C
d
or
0
factors here
Detailed Rules
Connections: 0.2S
DS
w
i
or 0.05w
i
Openings and corners in shear panels
Collectors:
0
= 2.5 (except light frame)
Diaphragms:
use the story force
provide continuous ties
Anchor concrete/masonry walls (flexible)

Detailed Rules
No orthogonal combinations
Redundancy factor = 1.0
Bearing walls: out of plane = 0.4S
DS
w
c
Nonstructural components same as any
other building
Simplified ESF Analysis
Base Shear

Story Force

Story factor F =
1.0 for one story
1.1 for two stories
1.2 for three stories
Same acceleration at all
levels of building (very
simple!)
No I factor, No period T
V
F S
R
W
DS
=
-
F
F S
R
w
i
DS
i
=
-
Simplified Response
Acceleration
Use only S
DS
; dont use S
1S

Equation

Site response amplifier F
a
=
1.0 for rock
1.4 for soil

S F S
DS a S
=
|
\
|
.
| -
2
3
Drift and Separation
Do not have to check drift
Use 1% drift for purposes of building
separation, nonstructural component
compatibility, etc, unless actually computed
Overview
Introduction to Earthquake Engineering
Basic Criteria in ASCE 7 2005
Ground Motions
Response Spectrum
Occupancy and Seismic Design Categories
Seismic Design for Buildings
Basic Requirements
System Requirements
Analysis
Diaphragms, Walls, Foundations
Simplified Method
Errata
Go to the SEI website
www.seinstitute.org
Go to the Publications in the bar at the top
Click on the Errata tab
Download pdf files for ASCE 7-05 (and any
other structural standards you may need)

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