RESPIRATORY

SYSTEM
FARMASI
UNIVERSITAS JAMBI
System Respirasi
1. Providing an extensive area for gas exchange
between air and circulating blood.
2. Moving air to and from the exchange surfaces of
the lungs.
3. Protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration,
temperature changes, or other environmental
variations and defending the respiratory system
and other tissues from invasion by pathogens.
4. Producing sounds involved in speaking, singing,
and nonverbal communication.
5. Providing olfactory sensations to the central
nervous system from the olfactory epithelium in
the superior portions of the nasal cavity
Respiration
Ventilation: Movement of air into and
out of lungs
External respiration: Gas exchange
between air in lungs and blood
Transport of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the blood
Internal respiration: Gas exchange
between the blood and tissues
The upper respiratory system :
consists of the nose, nasal cavity,
paranasal sinuses, and pharynx
The lower respiratory system :
consists of the larynx (voice box),
trachea (windpipe), bronchi,
bronchioles, and alveoli of the lungs
area konduksi : hidung brochiolus
area respirasi ; alveoli
Respiratory System

Conducting Zone
Insert fig. 16.5
All the structures air
passes through before
reaching the
respiratory zone.
Warms and
humidifies inspired
air.
Filters and cleans:
Mucus secreted to trap
particles in the inspired
air.
Mucus moved by cilia to
be expectorated.


Respiratory Zone
Region of
gas
exchange
between air
and blood.
Includes
respiratory
bronchiole
s and
alveolar
sacs.
Must
contain
alveoli.
Hidung
Dorsum : cartilago nasal
Nares anterior
Septum nasi : os vomer dan lamina
perpendicuaris os etmoidalis
Choane : nares posterior
Chonca nasalis
Meatus nasalis
Plexus Keiselbach : sering epistaxis
Nasal Cavity and Pharynx
1
2
3
4
Sinus paranasalis
Sinus etmoidalis
Sinus frontalis
Sinus maxillaris
Sinus spenoidalis
Lubang keluar
Sinus frontalis : meatus media
Sinus etmoidalis : meatus media
meatus superior
Sinus sphenoidalis : meatus
superior
Sinus maxillaris : meatus media
Meatus inferior : ductus
nasolacrimalis
Nasal Cavity and Pharynx
1
2
3
4
Nasopharynx
Disebut juga dengan epipharynx
Dibatasi cranialnya oleh choanae
Atapnya : fornix pharyngeus
Dinding belakang ada tonsila
pharyngea, klinisnya?
Dinding lateral ada ostium
pharyngeum tubae auditiva,!
fungsi..? Klinis.?

Nasal Cavity and Pharynx
1
2
3
4
Oropharynx
Masuk sistem digestive
Berhubungan dengan cavum oris oleh ishmus faucium
Batas : atas : palatum molle
lateral : arcus palatoglosus
caudal : radix linguae
Fossa tonsillaris..?
Tonsila lingualis.?
Laryngopharynx
Membentang dari tepi atas cartilago epiglotica sampai tepi
bawah cart.cricoidea
Sebelah anteriornya terdapat aditus laryngis


Nasal Cavity and Pharynx
1
2
3
4
Larynx
Merupakan pipa fibrocartilaginea
Fungsi :..?
Kerangka terdiri atas 9 cartilago ;
tunggal ; tiroidea, cricoidea,
epiglotis
pasang ; arytenoidea, corniculata,
cuneiformis

Vocal Folds
Functions
Maintain an open passageway for air movement (thyroid and cricoid)
Epiglottis and vestibular folds prevent swallowed material from moving
into larynx
Vocal folds are primary source of sound production
Trachea
Merupakan pipa cartilaginea
Bermula dari vertebrae cervicalis VI
sampai vertebrae thoracalis IV-V
Sebelah dorsalnya : Oeshopagus
Sebelah lateral ada glandula
thyroidea (cincin 2,3,4)
Cartilago hyalin berbentuk tapal kuda
Membran dari otot polos
Bifurcatio trachealis setinggi
Vertebrae thorax IV-V
Carina?
Inervasi outonom

Trache
a
Windpipe
Divides to
form
Primary
bronchi
Carina:
Cough
reflex
Insert Fig 23.5 all but b
Dense regular connective tissue and smooth
muscle reinforced with c-shaped cart. on the
ant. surface.
Post. Trachea consists of elastic lig. and a
bundle of muscle called the trachealis muscle
The lining of the trachea is pseudostratified
ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cels
Tracheobronchial Tree
Conducting zone
Trachea to terminal bronchioles which is
ciliated for removal of debris
Passageway for air movement
Cartilage holds tube system open and
smooth muscle controls tube diameter
Respiratory zone
Respiratory bronchioles to alveoli
Site for gas exchange
Tracheobronchial Tree
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Respiratory zone
Conducting zone
Bronchus
Dipercabangkan dari trachea
Descenden masuk ke hilus pulmonalis setinggi
corpus vert. IV dan V,di sebelah belakang
vasa pulmonalis.
Perbedaan bronchus primer dexter & sinister
no kategori dexter sinister
1
2
3
Panjang
Lebar diameter
posisi
>pendek
>lebar
>tegak
>panjang
>sempit
>mendatar
Pulmo : terdapat 10
segmen lobular
Dari bronchus
tertier/segmentalis ,
berlanjut sebagai
bronchiolus
bronchiolus
terminalis.
Selanjutnya dinding
tidak mengandung
cartilago lagi
(bronciolus respiratorius,
ductus alveolaris,
sacculus alveolaris,
alveoli )
Bronchioles and Alveoli
1
2
3
4
5
Lung
Two lungs: Principal organs of respiration
Right lung: Three lobes
Left lung: Two lobes
Divisions
Lobes, bronchopulmonary segments, lobules
Lobus dan fisura.
- fisura obliqua dan horisontal (
sertinggi cart.costa VI
Hilus pulmonalis, tersusun dari depan
ke belakang : vena, bronchus, arteri
Vascularisasi :
- oksigenasi : arteri pulmonalis
- nutrisi : arteri bronchialis
Inervasi : n.X dan truncus
symphaticus
FG23_07a.jpg
PLEURA
merupakan kantong serous tertutup, menyelubungi paru
rongganya disebut :cavum pleurae, berisi cairan serous hasil
mesotelium
pleura parietalis :berbatasan langsung dengan dinding thorax
pleura visceralis ; melapisi pulmo, mengikuti setiap lekuk pulmo

Pleur
a
Pleural fluid produced by pleural
membranes
Acts as lubricant
Helps hold parietal and visceral pleural
membranes together
Pleura
1
2
3
4
5

Thoracic Cavity
Diaphragm:
Sheets of striated muscle divides anterior
body cavity into 2 parts.
Above diaphragm: thoracic cavity:
Contains heart, large blood vessels, trachea,
esophagus, thymus, and lungs.
Below diaphragm: abdominopelvic
cavity:
Contains liver, pancreas, GI tract, spleen,
and genitourinary tract.
Intrapleural space:
Space between visceral and parietal pleurae.
Thoracic Walls
Muscles of Respiration
1
2
OTOT INSPIRASI
1. m. sternocleidomastoideus
2. m. serratus anterior
3. m. skalenus
4. m. interkostalis eksternus
5. Diafragma

1,2,3,4 pernafasan thoracal
5 pernafasan abdominal
OTOT EKSPIRASI
1. m. interkostalis internus
2. m. rectus abdominal
3. m. transversus
4. m. obliquus

1 pernafasan thoracal
2,3,4 pernafasan abdominal
Thanks 4 ur attention!