ACIDIZING

Contents of presentation
Definition of acidizing
Types of acidizing
Spent acid production control
Equipments
Types of acid
Additives
Features

ACIDIZING
Well acidizing The pumping of acid into the wellbore
to remove near-well formation damage and
improving the permeability, thus to increase
productivity or inflow performance of hydrocarbon
OR
The injection of chemicals into the formation
through the wellbore to dissolve any skin
damage, "cleaning up" the formation, thereby
improving the flow of reservoir fluids.
ACIDIZING
ACIDIZING
Types of acidizing
ACIDIZING
Matrix acidizing Fracture acidizing
Cleanup
Real matrix
acidizing
Matrix acidizing: A matrix acid job is performed
when acid is pumped into the well and into the
pores of the reservoir rocks. In this form of
acidization, the acids dissolve the sediments and
mud solids that are inhibiting the permeability of
the rock, enlarging the natural pores of the
reservoir and stimulating flow of hydrocarbons

ACIDIZING
Matrix acidizing
A matrix acidizing is utilized to remove damages
nearby the well. Congestive material should be
removed in order to achieve the natural permeability.
These troubles could be caused by well flushing,
clay deposition or chemical reaction products.
Blockages can be removed by:
Dissolving of congestive material
Dissolving of blocked rock
Mostly the second method is more effective.
The congestive material will be carried out with the
spent acid.

Fracture acidizing
Fracture acidizing involves pumping highly
pressurized acid into the well, physically
fracturing the reservoir rock and dissolving the
permeability inhibitive sediments. This type of
acid job forms channels through which the
hydrocarbons can flow.


Spent acid production control
The well should be produced first at the same rate
before acidizing. As soon as the well has cleaned
up and all spent acid has been recovered or
reduced to zero water cut, the producing rate may
be increased. In formations with moveable fines
Equipments
Acidizing equipments
Types of acids
Acids which are used in acidizing job. In order to
choose the right acid type it is necessary to know
the geological parameters of the reservoir like
mineral formation, capability to build fissures,
porosity, permeability and the content of the
reservoir rock.
In general HCl is the most efficient and
economic agent for carbonate formations. Acetic
acid and formic acid are used for formations with
high temperature (above 120 C). Blends of HCl
and HF are used for sandstone formations.

Types of acid
Although the acid systems used in sandstone and
carbonate differ, the same practices apply to both. In
the absence of damage, the large volume of acid that
is required to improve the formation permeability in
the vicinity of the wellbore may not justify the small
incremental increase in production, especially in
sandstone. In carbonate rock, hydrochloric acid
enlarges the wellbore or tends to bypass damage by
forming wormholes. The permeability increase is
much larger in carbonate than in sandstone. The effect
of damage on well productivity and flow is illustrated
in Figs. 2 and 3
Effect of damage zone on flow-deep
damage.
Effect of damage on well productivity-
shallow damage
Effect of damage
Additives
Additives are used in small amounts in order to achieve or
to improve specific attributes. concentration is chosen
reliable in order to avoid negative reactions like building of
emulsions (could lead to a blockage).
The corrosive action of acid on steel at high bottom hole
temperatures can be greatly reduced by adding a
Inhibitor.
surface active agents (surfactants) in oil field acidizing
operations to reduce emulsion and sludge formation in
such operations.
Polymers, Anti-sludge, Acid Retarders, Asphaltene
Control etc are also be used. Selection depends on
wellbore conditions and formation.
Features
To enhance production by increasing the
effective well radius.
To cleanup the wellbore.
To improve the inflow performance of the
hydrocarbon.
Operational features
To remove near wellbore damaged or skin
effect
To improve low permeability
To remove scale