Performance Evaluation:
In the Mor-sand filter, inter-bed boundaries are the major attenuation points. In addition to
coagulation, inter and intra-mechanical filtration within the subsisting beds supported by the
absorption process makes the Mor-sand filter an efficient filter for domestic point of use water
supply.
Implementation
Percentage of transmission for the parameter = (I2 / I1) x 100 Photometer 7000
In Uboma, Nigeria, a pilot project has been underway since 2002 in which 183 Mor-sand filters have
been installed outside of homes.
RAWDP’s long term commitment and target is to formally transit from the Uboma pilot project to an
up- scaled adoption of one million filters,which will see a sustained adoption and use in every rural
household in the entire state.
These 1 million households basically include critical areas with similar water scarcity problems, but
the scaling up of the Mor-sand filter is possible anywhere.
Table 4: Microbial Analysis of 100ml of Raw Water Pre- Treatment and Post- Treatment: Currently, the expanding Mor-sand filter networks in Uboma and the entire old Okigwe province
including Ihitte, Obowo, Mbaise, Umuahia, Mbano, Owerri,Orlu and Okigwe speak volumes.The
*Indicator Number of colony Number of colony Number of colony Number of colony
Membrane Filtration Procedures Organism forming units (cfu)
in original water
forming units (cfu)
observed after
forming units (cfu)
observed after
forming units
observed 24 hours
expansion of this network is introducing these filter in many more communities and households
enable local people to optimize water extracted many sources.
Table 1: Thermotolerant coliform membrane specifications. sample. 24hours in water 24hours in water after treatment
sample treated sample filtered with Mor-Sand
with Moringa with Bio-Sand Filter.
MEMBRANE FILTRATION powder. Filter.
Membrane type(blue)
Feeding mediumMembrane Lauryl Sulphate Broth (MLSB)
Red liquid stored in sterile bottle – pour 2 ml (using a sterile syringe) on a sterile
pad set in the Petri dish Thermo-tolerant Too numerous to 10 5 0
Coliform (E.coli) count (TNTC)
Incubation4 hours at room temperature (resuscitation), then
14 hours at 44.5°C
IdentificationYellow colonies
CONFIRMATION
Faecal Coliform. 145 0 4 0
Funding
Confirmation-Prepare an universal bottle containing sterile Brilliant Green Broth Media The total of all costs involved in the project so far is USD 35,000.
protocol(BGBM) and an inverted Durham tube (label it)
-Prepare an universal bottle containing sterile Tryptone Water (TW) *Please note that the acceptable drinking water range for these indicators often ranges from 0-10cfu. The unit cost of a filter is approximately USD35.00.
-Open the positive plate containing incubated bacteria However the use of these indicator organisms ( WHO, 2003) is limited because they are not reliable
for protozoan pathogens. RAWDP used part of a grant of USD 40,000 donated by African Development Bank (AFDB) in
-Using a sterile microbiological loop, remove a part of a colony and insert it into
September 2004 to facilitate the project. The Uboma Women Association also enriched the project
the BGBM bottle (flame the neck when opening it) Water quality degeneration was not observed to occur with the Mor-Sand Filter. purse by mobilizing resources through innovative fundraising strategies like “Bob-ajob”. Aside
-Using another sterile microbiological loop, remove another part of the same
colony and insert it the TW bottle (flame the neck when opening it) providing free labour, the women also motivated the men to actively provide quality labour and time.
-Incubate the 2 bottles for 24 hours at 44.5°C RAWDP saved money by volunteering freely its expertise and trained community selected trainees.
-Positive reaction for BGBM if a bubble gas is visible in the inverted Durham tube These trainees all had scholarships. None of the participating NGOs earned an income or wage for
(production of gas by faecal bacteria) => faecal origin confirmed her participation. Above all, all the materials (over 95%) used in the project was locally sourced.
-Positive reaction for TW if a red colouration is produced in top organic layer of
the medium when adding 6-7 drops of Kovacs reagent into the bottle => E.Coli Apart from the costs of the metallic molds which RAWDP paid in full because RAWDP contracted a
confirmed (if BGBM test is positive) Table 5: Chemical Analysis of 100mgl-1 of raw water pre- and post treatment (mgl-1 ): welder who fabricated it, every other item on the project budget was internally handled.
References
Membrane type(white) Manganese 10 <10