MAULA RI FADA

DEPARTMENT OF OPTHALMOLOGY
FACULTY OF MEDI CI NE
UNI VERSI TAS PADJ ADJARAN
CI CENDO EYE HOSPI TAL
Anatomy & Physiology
of the Eye
Orbital Anatomy

Orbital Anatomy

Orbital Anatomy
Paranasal Sinuses
Extraocular Muscle

Landmark of External Eye

Eyelid

Lacrimal System
Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball
The Conjunctiva
Divided into 3 geographical zone
1. Conjunctiva palpebra (cover lids inner suface)
2. Conjunctiva fornices
3. Conjunctiva bulbi (cover anterior part or eyeball)
The Cornea
Consist of 5 layers:
1. Epithelium
2. Bowmans membrane
3. Stroma or substantia propia (90% of corneal thickness)
4. Descemets membrane
5. Endothelium (primary mechanism for controlling
stromal hydration)
The Cornea
Cover the anterior part of the eyeball
Junction between the cornea and the sclera
limbus
Very richly supplied with nerve fibers derived from
trigeminal nerve & has no blood vessels
The epithelium continuation of conjunctiva
The stroma continuation of sclera
Helps focus image on the retina

Sclera
Layer of dense
connective tissue
collagen fibers
& fibroblast
Cover the entire
eyeball except
cornea
Uvea
The middle layer of the eyeball
The uveal tract consist of 3 parts
1. the iris
2. ciliary body
3. the choroid
Iris
The colored portion of the
eyeball

Suspended between the
cornea and the lens

Contain melanin

Regulate the amount of light
entering the eyeball the
pupil
Ciliary Body
Contain melanin
Consist of ciliary processes & ciliary muscle
Extending from ciliary processes zonular fibers
attach to the lens
Ciliary muscle changes the tightness of the
zonular fibers
alters the shape
of the lens
near or far vision

Choroid
Highly vascularized
Lines most of the internal
surface of the sclera
Provide nutrients to the
posterior surface of the
retina
Lens
Biconvex
Lens capsule & lens fiber crystallins protein
Nucleus
Zonular fibers (Zonula Zinii)
Helps focus the image on the retina


Retina

Retina

Retina

Aqueous Humor & Vitreous
Aqueous humor watery fluid nourishes the lens
and cornea
Vitreous jellylike substance that hold the retina
flush against the choroid
Aqueous Humor Regulation

Light stimuli
Refractive media
Retina
Physical and
Chemical action
Impulses
Central nervous
system
SCHEMATIC
OF VISUAL
PATHWAY
SCHEMATIC
OF VISUAL
PATHWAY
Image Formation