Scouring: Objectives, chemicals used and their functions, method of

scouring in machines as kier, J box, HTHP steamers

PREPARATORY PROCESSES FOR COTTON
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SCOURING
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POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
POTASSIUM CARBONATES
CALCIUM SULPHATES
NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS
COLOURING MATERIALS
PRESENT IN PRIMARY WALL
AND LUMEN
PECTIC ACID
COOH GROUP PRESENT
INSOLUBLE IN WATER
FATTY ACIDS
FATTY ALCOHOLS
OLEIC ACIDS
INSOLUBLE IN WATER
FAT &
WAXES
PECTINS



MINERALS



PROTEINS
IMPURTIES
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SCOURING
SCOURING can be carried out as a separate step of the
process OR in combination with other treatments
(usually bleaching or desizing) on all kind of substrates
(fiber, woven fibers, knitted fibers).

Cotton chemical structure
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SCOURING
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TYPE OF SCOURING
SOLVENT SCOURING
AQUEOUS SCOURING
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AQUEOUS SCOURING
1. WATER
2. CAUSTIC
3. SEQUESTERING
AGENT
4. WETTING AGENT OR
SURFACTANT
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SEQUESTERING AGENT
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS
REACTION WITH CAUSTIC SODA
FAT & OILS SOAP
REACTION WITH SODA ASH(SODIUM CARBONATE)

FAT & OILS
SOAP
soap of
sodium
dissolve
easy in
water
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RECIPE
SCOURING PROCESS
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scouring process of cotton with Na
2
CO
3
and NaOH used
exhaustion method
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Materials dried is later,then weigh and perceived, do test
of fabric absorpsion
Afterwards cloth cleaned by hot water ,then cleaned to be
chill water
Fabric done at solution process with temperature
95
o
C,then stir to flatten during 60 minute
Water and chemical agent prepared as according to liquor
ratio at recipe
Weigh Materials and chemical agents as according to
calculation of recipe
PROCEDURE
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13
14
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TYPE OF SCOURING MACHINE
1.Batch process
2.Semi- continuous
3.Continuous

WITHOUT PRESSURE WITH PRESSURE
OPEN TANK,JIGGER,
HASPEL, CLAPEAU,
J-BOX AND OF L-
BOX
KIER M/C, CLOSED JIGGER
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Schema of machine haspel
Description:
1. Roller up
2. Guide Roller
3. Guide Roller
4. Vessel
5. Water pipe
6. Steam pipe
Process of scouring cotton with haspel machine

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SCOURING PROCESS WITH JIGGER MACHINE
OPEN JIGGER M/C
CLOSED JIGGER M/C
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One of the scouring recipe of drill fabric with jigger machine is :
Caustic soda (38
o
Be) : 10 cc / litre
Wetting agent : 4 g / litre
M:L ratio : 1 : 5
Temperature : 100
o
C
Time : 8 - 10 Rotation



After scouring material is cleaned with chilled water, hot water, and
rinsed with cool water, rinsing with the help of water emitting stream.
SCOURING RECIPE
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SCOURING PROCESS WITH J-BOX MACHINE
A typical recipe (% o.w.g.) for J-box
scouring is as follows. :
Caustic soda : 4.0
Soda ash : 1.5
Sodium silicate : 1.5
Wetting agent : 0.5
Detergent : 0.5
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The procedure for treating the fabric by the J-box system consists essentially of
saturating the incoming wet fabric with relatively concentrated solutions of caustic
soda. Two different principles are used in the design of J-boxes, depending on the
method by which the cloth is pre-heated before storage.
Some J-boxes, such as the used in the DuPont and Farmer Norton plants, have
separate chamber where the temperature of the material is brought to about 80
0
C
before it enters the J-box which is insulated sufficiently to ensure that the cloth
maintains this temperature approximately during its entire passage through it. An
alternative machine used is the Becco-type. In this type of a J-box the heat is
supplied by steam jets situated inside the box at the point of entry.
dilute concentrations
longer times
higher temperatures
IN KIER
higher concentrations
shorter reaction times
lower temperatures
IN J- BOX
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scouring Machine with pressure
KIER SCOURING
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Pile the cloth,
Dissolve the chemicals in a separate tank,
Take water in the kier,
Circulate water along with the chemicals,
Start heating,
Close the lid but keep the air vent valve open,
when the air is completely expelled out with steam, close the air vent
valve and develop the pressure
Heat for 8-10 hours at 1.5 kg per sq cm i.e. 130
0
C.
STEPS FOR FILLING THE KIER
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Blow off the kier,
Throw away the liquor,
Take fresh water,
Circulate the water,
Throw away the water,
Again take water,
Circulate and throw away,
Open the kier, and
Wash the fabric.
STEPS FOR EMPTYING OUT THE KIER
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ADVANTAGES OF J- BOX SCOURING SYSTEM
Daily production per kier would be only about 19000 meters/kier/day, which is rather
low. The J-Box system, gives a daily production of at least 80,000 m./day/per J Box.
The J-Box plants are suitable for routine fabrics such as dhotis, sarees, sheetings, mulls,
voiles, etc. Along with the J-Box plants, the supporting machines such as prewashing
and post-washing units, saturators, etc. are also to be equally production oriented.
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SCOURING
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