Dissection Guide to the Rat

The Norway rat

(Rattus norvegicus)


Rat Dissection
Scientific Name:
Rattus norvegicus
Common Name: Rat

Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Subphylum- Vertebrata
Class- Mammalia
Order- Rodentia
Family: Muridae

RATS
Anatomical Terms
Cranial-toward the head
Caudal-toward the tail
Dorsal-toward the backbone
Ventral-toward the belly side
Lateral-toward the side
Medial-toward the middle
Proximal: closer to the the base of a structure
Distal: farther away from a structure
External Anatomy
The body is long
and cylindrical:
Head, neck,
trunk, anterior
limbs, posterior
limbs, tail.

External Anatomy
Head: eyes, nostrils,
external ears (auriculars),
mouth, whiskers.
Neck: (head , trunk).
Trunk: (thorax, abdomen).
Ant. limbs: 4 digits
Post. limbs: 5 digits
Male External Features:
Female External Features:
Diastema
Mouth Cavity
Cleft lib
Rhinarium
Mouth Cavity
Rat Dissecting
Process:
Rat Dissection
REMOVING SKIN
X
Rat Dissection
REMOVING SKIN

Rat Dissection
REMOVING SKIN
Internal Anatomy
Rat Dissection
Digestive
System
Lesson One
Rat Dissection
ORAL CAVITY
Rat Dissection
ORAL CAVITY
Rat Dissection
ABDOMINAL
CAVITY
Rat Dissection
DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
Rat Dissection
DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
Rat Dissection
DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
Rat Dissection

DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
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DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
Appendix
Colon

Ileum

Cecum
Duodenum
Stomach

Esophagus

Rat Dissection
Urinogenital
System
Lesson Two
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EXCRETORY
ORGANS
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UROGENITAL
ORGANS
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1. Stomach
2. Kidney
3. Ovary
4. Oviduct
5. Uterine Horn
6. Rectum
7. Urinary Bladder
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS

Rat Dissection
1. Coagulating Gland
2. Urinary Bladder
3. Vas Deferens
4. Epididymis
5. Small Intestines
6. Seminal Vesicle
7. Prostate Gland
8. Penis
9. Testis
10.Scrotum
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS


Key words and Functions:
Seminal vesicle: secrete thick liquid to
transport sperms.
Coagulating gland: is to secrete fluids to form
the copulatory plug to help ensure fertilization.
Prostate gland: secrets thin alkaline solution.
Vas deferens: transportation, ejaculation.
Epididymis: transportation, maturation, ejac.
Cowpers gland: secretions may lubricate,
flush out urine or form gelatinous plug.
The preputial glands: produce pheromones.
The preputial glands of female animals are
sometimes called clitoral glands.
Testis: sperm production.
Penis: Copulation.
Scrotum: protection.

Rat Dissection
Circulatory
System
Lesson Three
Rat Dissection
HEART
1. Blue is deoxygenated blood (from the body, going to the lungs)
2. Red is oxygenated blood (from the lungs, going to the body)
3. Arteries are thick walled
4. Veins are thin walled
To LUNGS
To LUNGS
From LUNGS From LUNGS
From BODY
From BODY
To BODY
Rat Dissection
1. Trachea
2. Heart
3. Lung
4. Diaphragm
THORACIC CAVITY
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RESPIRATORY
ORGANS
Carotid
J ugular
Esophagus
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HEART +
LUNGS
Arterial System


Rat Dissection
Rat Thoracic
Arteries

Venous System


Rat Dissection
THORACIC
CAVITY


Rat Dissection
Rat Abdominal
Cavity
Rat Dissection
1. Abdominal Aorta
2. Renal Artery (left)
3. Renal Vein (left)
4. Inferior Vena Cava
5. Hepatic Portal
Vein
ABDOMINAL
CIRCULATION
Rat Dissection
Endocrine
System
Lesson Four
Rat Dissection
Nervous System
Lesson Five
Organizational Levels of the
Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS):
Brain and Spinal Cord
Control and Integration Center
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
Nerves from brain and spinal cord
Communication lines between CNS
and rest of body
Sensory (afferent) Division
Body Receptors
Sends stimulus from
receptors to CNS
Motor (efferent) Division
Motor Neurons
Sends stimulus from CNS to
muscles (and glands)
Autonomic Nervous
System
Involuntary Control
Conducts impulses
from the CNS to
involuntary muscles
Somatic Nervous
System
Voluntary Control
Sends stimulus from
CNS to skeletal
muscles
Sympathetic Division
Fight or Flight
Mobilizes involuntary
systems during emergencies
Parasympathetic Division
Resting and Digesting
Promotes non-emergency
involuntary functioning
medulla oblongata
Nervous System
Rat Dissection
Skeletal System
Lesson Six