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A confederate alliance of Greek citystates is formed in 481 BC at a meeting in Corinth. A force of 10,000 hoplites are sent north to the Vale of Tempe near Mt. Olympus. Persians made plans for another invasion with goal of conquering entire peninsula.
A confederate alliance of Greek citystates is formed in 481 BC at a meeting in Corinth. A force of 10,000 hoplites are sent north to the Vale of Tempe near Mt. Olympus. Persians made plans for another invasion with goal of conquering entire peninsula.
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A confederate alliance of Greek citystates is formed in 481 BC at a meeting in Corinth. A force of 10,000 hoplites are sent north to the Vale of Tempe near Mt. Olympus. Persians made plans for another invasion with goal of conquering entire peninsula.
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai PPT, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
Under threat of another invasion, a confederate alliance of Greek city-
states is formed in 481 BC at a meeting in Corinth.
A force of 10,000 hoplites are sent north to the Vale of
Tempe near Mt. Olympus (far north) Vale of Tempe • Spartans led by Euanetus • Athenians by Themisticles • Alexander I of Macedon informs them that the Persians can get around that pass, and they retreat. • Carneia festival – Military activity forbidden by Spartan law – Judged sufficiently important to disregard – What happened at Marathon – Consulted the Oracle of Delphi • Either a Spartan king must die • Or Persia will sack Greece A NEW ATTACK • Persians made plans for another invasion – With goal of conquering entire peninsula – Led by new emperor, Xerxes • Greeks prepare for invasion by setting up defensive line stretching from pass at Thermopylae to northern tip of Euboea • Thermopylae was narrow pass through mountains – Since only a few soldiers could get through at a time, Greeks hoped it would nullify Persian numerical advantage – 7000 men held pass commanded by King Leonidas of Sparta – Xerxes offers Leonidas kingship of Greece and then asks for their weapons; Leonidas replies Μολoν Λαβέ, "Come and get them" • Persians could not make any headway against Greeks for several days – Greek traitor, Ephialtes, led Persians around pass and they came in behind Greeks • Leonidas sent most men away and kept the 300 Spartans, 700 Thespians, and 400 Thebans to hold the pass • Wiped out by Persians archers Battle of Salamis • Athens evacuated population to nearby island of Salamis – Persians hesitated to attack because Bay of Salamis was full of Athenian ships
• Athenians tricked Persians into
entering bay with their navy – Smaller, more maneuverable Athenian ships then destroyed Persian fleet • Xerxes withdrew back to Asia Minor Final Victory: Battle of Platea • Xerxes still had 300,000 man army in Greece; Mardonius in command (dies in battle) • Spartan commander Pausanias set up camp in plain below Persian army at Plataea 479 BC – 5,000 Spartiates – 5,000 Perioikoi – 35,000 Helots – 50,000 Other city-states – Persians attacked but Spartans counter-attacked and achieved victory • Naval victory, Battle of Mycale the same day over the Persian fleet • A few weeks later, Athenian navy liberated Ionian city-states • Alliance of Spartan land power and Athenian naval power had defeated the most powerful empire in the world