PRESENTATION ON

INDUSTRIAL
TRAINING
AT
J & G
TRANSFORMERS
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Presented by
CHIRAG MANCHANDA

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J & G TRANSFORMERS
Jain & Gera(J & G) transformers was
founded in 1998
It is situated at Dhorkha village,
Gurgaon
Has a turn over of 5 crores
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WHAT IS A TRANSFORMER?
A transformer is
a power converter that
transfers electrical
energy from
one circuit to another
through inductively
coupled conductorsthe
transformer's coils.
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Principle of Transformer
The transformer works on the principle
of MUTUAL INDUCTION. An
alternating flux in the primary coil will
create an alternating flux in the
transformer core, which is linked with
the other coil which produces a
mutually induced emf according to
faradays laws of electromagnetic
induction.
|e| = |df/dt|


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TYPES OF TRANSFORMER
BY APPLICATION
1. DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
2.POWER TRANSFORMER
3.CURRENT TRANSFORMER
4.POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
5.FURNACE TRANSFORMER
6.BOOSTER TRANSFORMER
7.RECTIFIER TRANSFORMER
8.LOCOMOTIVE TRANSFORMER
9.MINING TRANSFORMER
10.PHASE SHIFTING TRANSFORMER
11.WELDING TRANSFORMER
12.HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING/SC TESTING TRF.
13.GROUNDING TRANSFORMERS
14.CONVERTER TRANSFORMER

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DISTRIBUTION
TRANSFORMER
Transformer which is used for the
purpose of distribution of power .
The purpose of a distribution
transformer is to reduce the primary
voltage of the electric distribution system
to the utilization voltage serving the
customer.
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MAIN FEATURES
OUTDOOR,OIL COOLED, 3
PHASE,50HZ
PRIMARY IS DELTA CONNECTED
AND SECONDARY IS STAR
CONNECTED.
NATURALY COOLED (ONAN TYPE).
AMONGST ALL THE TYPES OF
TRANSFORMERS THIS IS THE MOST
REQUIRED AND MOST USED TYPE.
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PARTS OF TRANSFORMER
Core construction.
Windings.
Transformer tank.
Conservator tank.
Breather.
Buchholz relay.
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Core construction
Core of the transformer is either in
square or rectangular in size. It is
made up of steel. It is further divided
into two parts. The vertical portion of
the core is limb and horizontal portion
of the core is yoke. Core is laminated
to reduce the eddy current losses.
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Windings
Highly conducting material is used for the
windings of the transformer. Usually the
windings are in concentrically to minimize
the flux leakages. The coils are wound on
the limbs and are insulated from each
other. Due to this leakage flux increases
which affects the transformer efficiency or
performance so it should be necessary
that the windings should be very close to
each other to increase the mutual
inductance.
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Transformer tank
Small capacity tanks are fabricated
from sheet steel while larger ones are
assembled with cast aluminium. For
cooling purpose the tank is welded
with cooling tubes.
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Conservator tank
Conservator is a small auxiliary oil tank
that may be mounted above the
transformer and connected to the main
tank by a pipe.
Its main function is to keep the main
tank of the transformer completely filled
with the oil in all circumstances. When
the oil in the tank contracts then the
conservator gives the oil to maintain
the oil level in the tank. When the oil in
the tank expands then the conservator
takes the oil.

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Breather
The breather is mainly used to avoid moisture
from the transformer. If the moisture enters
into the transformer the insulation provided
between the two windings is damaged and it
begins to conduct and the windings are
damaged.
In this process moisturized air should be
entered into the transformer. Breather consists
of silica gel which absorbs the moisture from
the air and this air is send into the transformer.
This process is called as BREATHING. Also
the breather consists of oil cap which avoid
entering dust particles into the transformer.
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Buchholz relay
Buchholz relay is a gas and oil activated
protective device. It is practically used in
all oil immersed transformers. It is
installed in the pipe joining between the
conservator and it disconnects the
transformer from the supply mains in
case of severe internal faults.
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TESTING OF
TRANSFORMER
TESTING IS CARRIED OUT AS PER IS-2026.
ROUTINE , TYPE TESTS & SPECIAL TESTS


ROUTINE TESTS

1.Measurement of winding resistance
2.Measurement of insulation resistance
3.Seperate source voltage withstand test (High Voltage tests on HV & LV)
4. Measurement of voltage ratio



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ROUTINE TESTS
Measurement of winding resistance
This test measures the resistances of
primary and secondary winding. The
values of resistances should be balance
for all three phases and should match
the designed values.
Equipment used : Digital resistance meter.

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ROUTINE TESTS
Measurement of insulation resistance
Measures the insulation resistance of
HV & LV windings with respect to earth
(body) and between LV & HV winding.
INSULATION TESTER OR MEGGER IS
USED.
Recommended Values are
2000Mohms for HV & 500 Mohms for LV.
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ROUTINE TESTS
Seperate source voltage withstand test (High
Voltage tests on HV & LV)- This test checks the
insulation property between Primary to earth,
Secondary to earth and between Primary &
Secondary.

HV high voltage test : LV winding connected together
and earthed. HV winding connected together and
given 28 KV ( for 11KV transformer) for 1 minute.
LV high Voltage test : HV winding connected together
and earthed. LV winding connected together and
given 3 KV for 1 minute.
Equipment used : High Voltage tester ( 100KV &
3KV)

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ROUTINE TESTS
Measurement of voltage ratio
This test measures the voltage ratio as per
the customers requirement.
V1/V2 = N1/N2
The voltage ratio is equal to the turns ratio in
a transformer. Using this principle, the
turns ratio is measured with the help of a
turns ratio meter. If it is correct , then the
voltage ratio is assumed to be correct.
Equipment used : Turns Ratiometer

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FAILURES & CAUSES

Faulty design

Poor Workmanship
Improper formation of core.
Improper core bolt insulation.
Improper brazing of joints.
Incomplete drying.
Bad insulation covering.
Insufficient cooling ducts in the winding.
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FAILURES & CAUSES
Insufficient Oil level.
Seepage of water in oil.
Bad Quality of raw material.
Prolonged Over loading.
Single Phase loading.
Unbalanced loading.
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REFERENCES
www.wikipedia.org
www.scribd.com
docs.google.com

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THANK YOU
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