EXPERIMENT 8YOUNG

MODULUS

CHE WAN NABIHAH WAN OTHMAN 1130799

MOHD KHAIRULANWAR MOHD RAZALI 1130803

ANISAH AZIZ 1131595

Youngs Modulus???

The Youngs modulus for copper is 120 GPa and the

Youngs Modulus for aluminium is 71 GPa.

What does this mean?

This means that the stiffness of copper is greater than the

stiffness of aluminium.

What is Young Modulus???

Measure the stiffness of an object.

Stiffness is a measure of materials resistance to

deformation.

The more flexible the object the less stiff it is.

The greater the value of Young Modulus,the stiffer the

object is.

HISTORY

The Young Modulus is

named after Thomas
Young (1773 to 1829)
who was a British
polymath, contributing of
physiology, optics and
egyptology, among other
fields in 1807.

OBJECTIVES

To experimentally determine a value of the Young modulus

of a material.

Principles

Determine the young modulus of copper wire.

Performed by placing a copper wire of known diameter

under varying degrees of tension and measuring the
resulting small length change.

THEORY

 The Young modulus, E of a wire is a

measure of the stiffness of a material.
important property of materials in
engineering design.
defined by the equation:

E=

stress

strain

STRESS AND STRAIN

 stress is equivalent to the applied force

per cross- sectional area
strain is simply extension per original
length.
Therefore, the equation may be written

E= F/A

l / l0

Apparatus

Length of steel wire.

Set of slotted mass with hook.

Micrometer screw gauge

Vernier scale

Suitable load

PROCEDURES
1.

Assemble the apparatus as shown in figure 1.

2.

Measure the diameter of the wire at six different points using a

micrometer screw gauge

3.

Record the initial Vernier reading.

4.

Add a mass M of 1 kg to wire Y.Record the Vernier scale

reading and the total mass added.Determine the extension.

5.

Repeat step 1 and 2 for several masses.

6.

Then remove the 1 kg masses at a time and record the Vernier

scale for each reading.

7.

Measure the length of the steel wire.

RESULTS
m(kg)

l(mm)

0.1

10.0

0.2

10.2

0.3

10.4

0.4

10.7

0.5

10.9

0.6

11.1

0.7

11.4

0.8

11.7

0.9

11.9

1.0

12.0

Diameter of wire
= 0.30 + 0.31 + 0.31 + 0.31 + 0.31
+ 0.30
6
= 0.31mm
= 0.00031m
Length of wire
= 70 cm
= 0.70 m

THE GRAPH OF EXTENSION AGAINST

MASS.

Centroid point (y)

CALCULATION

= ( 0.0100 + 0.0102 + 0.0104 + 0.0107 + 0.0109 + 0.0111 + 0.0114 +

0.0117 + 0.0119 + 0.0120)/10
=

0.01103m

Centroid point (x)

= ( 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.5+ 0.6 + 0.7+0.8 + 0.9 +1.0)/10
= 0.55 kg
Centroid point = (0.55,0.01103)
M best= (0.0122 -0.0102)/ (1.0-0.2)
= 0.0025m/kg
M max = (0.01245 -0.0050 )/(0.90-0.17)
= 0.0102m/kg
M min = (0.0120 0.0100)/(1.00 -0.03)
= 0.0029m/kg


Uncertainty = (M max M min)
2
= ( 0.0102 -0.0029)
2
= 0.0037
(0.0025 0.0037)
From the graph
=

E = (M/l).( gL /A)

9.81( 0.70)

0.0025

(0.000155 2)

= 3.640 x 10^10 Nm-2

DISCUSSION
What happens if we change the type of wire
from steel to copper in this experiment?
If we change the type of wire from steel to cooper, the
extension will be greater and the graph will be less
steeper. This is due to the strength of copper is
weaker than steel and it is ductile, thus cooper will
elongates more under increasing the stress.

 Why is it important the know the Youngs

Modulus of a wire?
It is important to know the Young Modulus because it
shows how a material will deform when a mechanical
load is applied on it. It is also important to predict the
stiffness and elasticity of the wire.

 If the test was replaced by one having a

smaller diameter, discuss, with reason for your
answer, whether this change would be likely to
increase or decrease the accuracy of result
you would obtain for Young Modulus.
The accuracy of the result will decrease . The smaller
the diameter, the lower the force required to extend the
wire. As the area decreases, the extension of the wire
will increases. Based on the formula:

A = MgL

El

 Percentage error
=

experimental - theoretical

x 100%

theoretical
=

3.640 x 10^10 -2.7 x 10^10

2.7 x 10 ^10

= 34.01 %

x 100%

CONCLUSION

Based on this experiment, the stress which is tension over cross-sectional area is
F/A and the strain which is extension per original length is l / l0. Strain have no units
because its a ratio of two lengths. Stress and strain, we can get from the equation
below. We calculated the value of E is 3.640 X 10^10Nm-2 (+-0.0037). The stiffness
depends on the value of E based on each type of wire. Different type of wire has
different value of E. If the force produces small extension and the materials is stiff
thus, the E is a big value. Thus, the objective of the experiment is achieved.

E= F/A

l / l0

Application of Young
Modulus.
Producing crispy foods.

ALQURAN

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