Chapter Objectives

Understand the concept of normal and shear strain

Apply the concept to determine the strains for
various types of problems


1. Normal Strain
2. Shear Strain
3. Cartesian Strain Components
In-class Activities
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

NORMAL STRAIN
s
s s
avg
A
A A
=
'
c
( ) s s A + ~ A c 1 '
s
s s
n A B
A
A A
=

'
lim
along
c
SHEAR STRAIN
' lim
2
along
along
u
t

t A C
n A B
nt

=
CARTESIAN STRAIN
The approximate lengths of the sides
of the parallelepiped are


The approximate angles between sides, again
originally defined by the sides x, y and z are



Notice that the normal strains cause a change in
volume of rectangular element, whereas the shear
strain cause a change in shape
( ) ( ) ( ) z y x
z y x
A + A + A + c c c 1 1 1
xz yz xy

t

t

2

2

2
READING QUIZ
1) The center portion of the rubber balloon has a
diameter of d = 100 mm. If the air pressure
within it causes the balloons diameter to
become d = 125mm, determine the average
normal strain in the rubber.
a) 0.2
b) 0.25
c) 0.25
d) 1.25
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
READING QUIZ
2) What is the unit of strain?

a) mm
b) mm/m
c) Micron
d) no unit
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
EXAMPLE 1
( ) | |dz z dz
2 / 1 3
10 40 1 '

+ =
EXAMPLE 1 SOLUTION
Part (a)
Since the normal strain is reported at each point along
the rod, it has a deformed length of




The sum along the axis yields the deformed length of
the rod is


The displacement of the end of the rod is therefore
( ) | |dz z dz
2 / 1 3
10 40 1 '

+ =
( ) | | m 20239 . 0 10 40 1 '
2 . 0
0
2 / 1 3
= + =
}

dz z z
(Ans) mm 39 . 2 m 00239 . 0 2 . 0 20239 . 0 + = = = A
B
EXAMPLE 1 Solutions (cont)
Part (b)
Assumes the rod has an original length of 200
mm and a change in length of 2.39 mm. Hence,
(Ans) mm/mm 0119 . 0
200
39 . 2 '
= =
A
A A
=
s
s s
avg
c
EXAMPLE 2
Due to a loading, the plate is deformed into the
dashed shape shown in Fig. 26a. Determine (a)
the average normal strain along the side AB, and
(b) the average shear strain in the plate at A
relative to the and y axes.
EXAMPLE 2 Solutions (cont)
Part (a)
Line AB, coincident with the y axis, becomes line after
deformation, thus the length of this line is



The average normal strain for AB is therefore




The negative sign indicates the strain
causes a contraction of AB.
( ) mm 018 . 248 3 2 250 '
2
2
= + = AB
( ) ( )
(Ans) mm/mm 10 -7.93 =
250
250 - 248.018
AB
AB ' AB 3 -
avg
AB
= =
-

EXAMPLE 2 Solutions (cont)

CONCEPT QUIZ
1) The rectangular membrane has an unstretched
length L1 and width L2. If the sides are
increased by small amounts L1 and L2,
determine the normal strain along the diagonal
AB.
( )
( )
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2 1
2 1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
D) C)
B) A)
L L
L L
L L
L L
L L
L L
L
L
L
L
+
A + A
+
A + A
+
A + A A
+
A
L1
L2
L1
L2
CONCEPT QUIZ (cont)
2) The rectangular plate is subjected to the
deformation shown by the dashed line.
Determine the average shear strain
xy
of the
plate.
( )
2 2
200 150
3
200
150
200
3
150
3
+
D) C)
B) A)
Thank You